light_section op• 資料種類:image2d → table
• 呼叫: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.laser_line_center_centroid(image, min_peak_rel=0.1, half_window=None, background=0.0, clip_negative=True)(要直接呼叫實作,import lightsection; lightsection.laser_line_center_centroid(image, min_peak_rel=0.1, half_window=None, background=0.0, clip_negative=True);從台帳取用則 opsoptics.get("laser_line_center_centroid"))
• GPU:無(僅 CPU 參考實作)
逐行以亮度重心求出明亮雷射光條中心的次像素位置(table)。
> 以下的詳細說明為原文 —— 摘要與標題已翻譯。
列ごとに最大の行 p を探し、[p − half_window, p + half_window](None = 列全体)の輝度から background を引いて負を 0 にした重みの重心を返す。最大値が画像全体の最大の min_peak_rel 倍以下の列は valid=False(row は NaN)。
For each column the peak row p is found, and the centroid of max(I − background, 0) over [p − half_window, p + half_window] (None = the whole column) is returned. Columns whose peak is at most min_peak_rel × the image maximum are marked valid=False (row NaN). clip_negative=False keeps negative weights (zero-mean noise stays zero-mean: the estimator is then linear in the noise, which is what light_section_uncertainty_budget's read-noise term assumes). Pixel-centre convention of camera: row r is the coordinate v = r exactly.
Returns {"kind": "laser_line_centers", "method": "centroid", "col", "row", "valid", "peak", "n_valid", "saturated", "truncated"}. Ground truth: a symmetric line profile has its centroid at the true centre; the centroid of a column-binned image equals that of the unbinned one (tests/test_lightsection.py). ★Limits: the centroid is biased toward the window's centre when the window cuts an off-centre profile, and a background left in the weights pulls it toward the column's middle.
★Saturation: the "peak" is the plateau of rows within 1e-9 of the column maximum that is connected to the first maximum; the window is [lo − half_window, hi + half_window] around that plateau (one row for an unclipped line: the same as before). A clipped, flat-topped line used to be windowed at the plateau's first row (−6.7 px at 20× over full scale, still valid). saturated marks the columns whose plateau has ≥ 3 rows, or ≥ 2 rows at the image's maximum (the ceiling); only those columns get the plateau window, every other column is windowed at its first maximum exactly as before (bit for bit). Two equal rows below the ceiling are common in quantised, unclipped lines (uint8, σ 3 px: 6 % of the columns at a peak of 200, 15 % at 60) and are not a plateau. The result in a saturated column is a centroid of clipped data, so treat it as degraded. ★Not detected: a plateau broken by a dip (dark-frame or flat-field correction after clipping leaves 1 LSB dips) — the plateau ends at the dip and the window shifts toward it again (measured 3.5 px, gauss 3.2 px, valid; 5.6 px before the plateau window); pass uncorrected data or clip it back to the ceiling first. truncated marks the columns whose weight at either end of the window (or of the image) is still ≥ max(min_peak_rel, 1e-3) × the column's peak weight — the profile was cut, so the centroid is pulled toward the window's middle (measured: σ 2 px, true 0.4 → 1.48). valid is not changed by either flag.
optics 的每個運算子都先檢驗輸入再計算(不讓任何東西無聲通過):
• 單位寫進參數名 —— _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。把 mm 和 µm 弄混不會當掉,而是給出「看似合理卻是錯的答案」,所以用命名來防。這裡絕不從數值大小去猜單位。
• 字串一律 ValueError —— float('50') 會成功,於是未解析的設定值會被當成長度混進來(實測:thin_lens('50', '200') 曾回傳看似合理的 66.667 mm)。bool 也按 True == 1 的隱式提升拒絕。
• complex / masked array 一律 ValueError(僅接受實數槽位;拒絕無聲丟棄虛部或剝掉遮罩)。所有輸入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError。但已宣告的缺測除外:bottle_fit_from_pattern 的 u_map 以 NaN 接收未能測得的像素(∞ 仍被拒絕)。
• 逐項點名拒絕除零及其近親:焦距 0、曲率半徑 0、折射率 <= 0、全不透明光闌(全為 0,正規化變成 0/0)、總和 <= 0 的 PSF、S0 = 0 的 Stokes 向量、物體位於前焦點(像在無窮遠)。
• 只有兩個運算子會回傳非有限值,而且都寫進了契約:depth_of_field 在超焦距以外回傳 far_mm = inf(這正是超焦距的定義),gaussian_beam 在束腰處回傳 wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波前的曲率半徑)。兩者都同時回傳一個有限的夥伴(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)。除此之外的無聲 NaN/Inf 都在內部檢出並 ValueError ——「float64 溢位了」和「答案是無窮大」是兩種不同的主張,不能拿後者的臉去交付前者。但已宣告的缺測除外:bottle_background_map 對光線不可用的像素(全反射等)在 u_mm 中回傳 NaN,並同時回傳 valid 遮罩和數量。
• 尺寸上限:生成網格受 optics.MAX_GRID(4096)限制,傳入的場/PSF/光闌受 optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24),ABCD 元件序列受 optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024),Zernike 受 MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。以 fail-closed 堵住「小參數引發巨大內部配置」的路徑(實測:n_max=40 × 4096² 需要 108 GB)。
• 物理上不可能的狀態同樣拒絕:偏振度 > 1 的 Stokes 向量、負穿透率、負強度、n-|m| 為奇數等非法 Zernike 指標。
• 範例資料目錄(下載 URL / 授權) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有領域)加合成圖,3-D 給出真實資料源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下載 URL。
• 運算子來歷與參考文獻 —— 該運算子族所依據的研究/方法出處。
• 演算法的正典(作者、年份)與用途見上面的族使用指南。
• poc_3d_sensor_modalities — py -3.11 examples/poc_3d_sensor_modalities.py
• poc_weld_bead_profile — py -3.11 examples/poc_weld_bead_profile.py
table 作為輸入)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
light_section)laser_line_center_gauss · laser_line_center_steger · light_section_rig · light_section_targets · light_section_render · light_plane_calibrate · light_section_profile · light_section_scan
*Provenance: lightsection.py — OPTICS 運算子登記表。本條目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自動產生(請勿手動編輯)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.