photoelastic op• 数据种类:polsweep → table
• 调用: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.photoelastic_phase_estimate(images, analyzers='camera4', min_modulation=0.01, sum_tolerance=0.05)(要直接调用实现,import photoelastic; photoelastic.photoelastic_phase_estimate(images, analyzers='camera4', min_modulation=0.01, sum_tolerance=0.05);从台账取用则 opsoptics.get("photoelastic_phase_estimate"))
• GPU:无(仅 CPU 参考实现)
由偏振图像以闭式反求相位延迟 δ 与主轴 θ → dict。
> 以下的详细说明为原文 —— 摘要与标题已翻译。
Inverse of photoelastic_polarization_images (right-circular illumination). With S0 = ½(I0 + I90 + I45 + I135) (the mean of the two pair sums), S1 = I0 − I90, S2 = I45 − I135:
• camera4 (4 linear analysers): sin δ = √(S1² + S2²)/S0 and δ = arcsin(·) — unique only for δ ∈ [0, π/2] (a quarter wave):
linear analysers alone cannot see the sign of cos δ.
• stokes6 (+ right/left circular): S3 = IR − IL and δ = atan2(√(S1² + S2²), S3) ∈ [0, π].
In both, θ = ½ atan2(−S1, S2) mod 180 deg, in (−90, 90] — the fast axis (for a material with C > 0, σ1 lies at θ + 90°). The pair (δ, θ) and (−δ, θ + 90°) give identical images; the estimate returns the representative with δ ≥ 0. Where the modulation √(S1²+S2²)/S0 (= |sin δ|) is at or below min_modulation (default 0.01, i.e. δ within ~0.01 rad of 0 or π, where 1 % intensity noise already turns the axis by tens of degrees) the axis is undefined: axis_valid is False and axis_deg is 0 there.
One exposure obeys I0 + I90 = I45 + I135 (and = IR + IL). Real frames do so only to the noise and the demosaic interpolation, so the check is per pixel and relative: sum_mismatch = |I45 + I135 − (I0 + I90)| / S0 (for stokes6 the larger of that and |IR + IL − S0| / S0).
images : (K, H, W) array or list of K frames in the order of analyzers.
analyzers : "camera4" (0/45/90/135) or "stokes6" (+ right/left circular).
min_modulation : modulation at or below which the axis is not reported.
sum_tolerance : largest sum_mismatch a pixel may have and stay valid
(relative to S0, default 0.05). Measured basis: with 1 % independent
noise per frame the mismatch stays below it (99th percentile 2.9 %,
maximum 4.6 % over 40 000 pixels), and the bilinear interpolation of
optics.polarization_demosaic leaves ≤ 1.5 % on 95 % of a disc with
nine resolved fringes; pixels above it are aliased fringes, saturated
or moving pixels, or frames from another exposure. Must lie in [0, 1].
Returns delta_rad, axis_deg, axis_valid, valid (sum_mismatch ≤ sum_tolerance; delta_rad is still computed where it is False but is not a measurement there, and axis_valid is False), sum_mismatch, modulation, intensity (S0) and stokes ((4, H, W); S3 = 0 for camera4, which is a limitation, not a measurement).
Raises ValueError: wrong number of frames, non-2-D / non-finite / negative frames, a dark pixel (S0 = 0), sum_tolerance outside [0, 1], or frames whose pair sums disagree by more than sum_tolerance on more than half of the pixels (not one camera exposure, the wrong frame order, or fringes too dense for the sensor).
optics 的每个算子都先校验输入再计算(不让任何东西无声通过):
• 单位写进参数名 —— _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。把 mm 和 µm 弄混不会崩溃,而是给出「看着合理却是错的答案」,所以用命名来防。这里绝不从数值大小去猜单位。
• 字符串一律 ValueError —— float('50') 会成功,于是未解析的配置值会被当成长度混进来(实测:thin_lens('50', '200') 曾返回看着合理的 66.667 mm)。bool 也按 True == 1 的隐式提升拒绝。
• complex / masked array 一律 ValueError(仅接受实数槽位;拒绝无声丢弃虚部或剥掉掩码)。所有输入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError。但已声明的缺测除外:bottle_fit_from_pattern 的 u_map 以 NaN 接收未能测得的像素(∞ 仍被拒绝)。
• 逐项点名拒绝除零及其近亲:焦距 0、曲率半径 0、折射率 <= 0、全不透明光阑(全为 0,归一化变成 0/0)、总和 <= 0 的 PSF、S0 = 0 的 Stokes 矢量、物体位于前焦点(像在无穷远)。
• 只有两个算子会返回非有限值,而且都写进了契约:depth_of_field 在超焦距以外返回 far_mm = inf(这正是超焦距的定义),gaussian_beam 在束腰处返回 wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波前的曲率半径)。两者都同时返回一个有限的搭档(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)。除此之外的无声 NaN/Inf 都在内部检出并 ValueError ——「float64 溢出了」和「答案是无穷大」是两种不同的主张,不能拿后者的脸去交付前者。但已声明的缺测除外:bottle_background_map 对光线不可用的像素(全反射等)在 u_mm 中返回 NaN,并同时返回 valid 掩码和数量。
• 尺寸上限:生成网格受 optics.MAX_GRID(4096)限制,传入的场/PSF/光阑受 optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24),ABCD 元件序列受 optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024),Zernike 受 MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。以 fail-closed 堵住「小参数引发巨大内部分配」的路径(实测:n_max=40 × 4096² 需要 108 GB)。
• 物理上不可能的状态同样拒绝:偏振度 > 1 的 Stokes 矢量、负透过率、负强度、n-|m| 为奇数等非法 Zernike 指标。
• 示例数据目录(下载 URL / 许可证) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有领域)加合成图,3-D 给出真实数据源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下载 URL。
• 算子来历与参考文献 —— 该算子族所依据的研究/方法出处。
• 算法的正典(作者、年份)与用途见上面的族使用指南。
• photoelastic_roundtrip — py -3.11 examples/photoelastic_roundtrip.py
• poc_photoelasticity — py -3.11 examples/poc_photoelasticity.py
table 作为输入)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
photoelastic)brazilian_disc_stress · kirsch_plate_stress · principal_stress · retardation_from_birefringence · photoelastic_retardation · retardation_convert · cubic_photoelastic_birefringence · silicon_piezo_optic_coefficients
*Provenance: photoelastic.py — OPTICS 算子登记表。本条目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自动生成(请勿手工编辑)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.