lensrender op• Data kinds: none → table (an op determined by its arguments alone — it takes no image or data input)
• Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.scene_radiance(ray_origins=None, ray_dirs=None, scene=None, wavelengths_um=None, illuminant=None) -> 'dict' (to call the implementation directly, import lensrender; lensrender.scene_radiance(ray_origins=None, ray_dirs=None, scene=None, wavelengths_um=None, illuminant=None) -> 'dict'; from the registry, opsoptics.get("scene_radiance"))
• GPU: none (CPU reference implementation only)
Radiance along object-space rays hitting a lens_scene -> dict.
*ray_origins* / *ray_dirs* are (N, 3) points (mm) and directions (normalised here); *wavelengths_um* is a number or a list (default the three F, d, C lines). Every ray takes its nearest hit (plane rectangle, sphere, Moller-Trumbore triangle) and the radiance emission + rho(lambda) / pi * (E_ambient + sum_lights E cos(theta_l) * visibility) plus the Blinn-Phong lobe ks (s + 8) / (8 pi) (n . h)^s E cos(theta_l) per light (the normalised Blinn-Phong lobe: its albedo is about ks); the visibility is a shadow ray to the light (zero if anything is in the way, if *shadows* is on). A ray that hits nothing sees the scene background. *illuminant* (pairs (nm, value)) is the relative spectral shape that multiplies the lights and the ambient light (1 at 550 nm). A purely Lambertian surface never exceeds E rho / pi (tested to 1e-12). The table has radiance (N, K) in W m^-2 sr^-1 nm^-1, hit (N,), t_mm (N, inf for a miss), object_index (N, -1 for none) and wavelengths_um. NaN rays (lost in the lens) get NaN.
Every optics op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):
• Units are baked into the argument name — _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad. Confusing mm with µm does not crash; it yields a plausible-looking wrong answer, so the name prevents it. Nothing here guesses the unit from the magnitude.
• Strings raise ValueError — float('50') succeeds, so an unparsed configuration value would slip through as a length (measured: thin_lens('50', '200') returned a plausible 66.667 mm). bool is refused too, as the implicit promotion True == 1.
• complex / masked arrays raise ValueError (real-valued slots only; silently dropping the imaginary part or peeling off the mask is refused). NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input. Exception, declared: the u_map of bottle_fit_from_pattern takes pixels that could not be measured as NaN (infinity is still refused).
• Division by zero and its relatives are refused by name: focal length 0, radius of curvature 0, refractive index <= 0, a fully opaque aperture (all zeros, so the normalisation is 0/0), a PSF whose sum is <= 0, a Stokes vector with S0 = 0, and an object sitting at the front focal point (the image is at infinity).
• Only two ops return a non-finite value, and both state it as a contract: depth_of_field returns far_mm = inf beyond the hyperfocal distance (that is what the hyperfocal distance means), and gaussian_beam returns wavefront_radius_mm = inf at the waist (the radius of curvature of a plane wavefront). Both also return a finite companion (far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm). Any other silent NaN/Inf is detected internally and raises ValueError — "float64 overflowed" and "the answer is infinite" are different claims, so the first is never returned wearing the face of the second. Exception, declared: bottle_background_map returns NaN in u_mm for pixels whose ray is unusable (total internal reflection and the like), together with a valid mask and the counts.
• Size caps: generated grids are capped by optics.MAX_GRID (4096); supplied fields/PSFs/apertures by optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS (2^24); ABCD element chains by optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS (1024); Zernike by MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS (512) / MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER (40) / MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS (2^25). This closes, fail-closed, the paths where a small argument triggers a huge internal allocation (measured: n_max=40 × 4096² needs 108 GB).
• Physically impossible states are refused too: a Stokes vector with degree of polarisation > 1, negative transmittance, negative intensity, and invalid Zernike indices such as n-|m| odd.
• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).
• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.
• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.
• poc_dehazing — py -3.11 examples/poc_dehazing.py
table as input)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
lensrender)lens_scene · exit_pupil_samples · trace_sensor_rays · render_scene_through_lens · bokeh_shape · render_ghost_overlay · render_compare_prescriptions
*Provenance: lensrender.py — OPTICS operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.