watervision op• 数据种类:rgbimage × image2d → table
• 调用: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.underwater_inspection_image(scene_albedo, distance_map_m, water_type, light='camera', lamp_power=1.0, camera_distance_m=None, depth_m=2.0, exposure_photons=10000.0, fov_deg=60.0, beam_exponent=6.0) -> 'dict'(要直接调用实现,import watervision; watervision.underwater_inspection_image(scene_albedo, distance_map_m, water_type, light='camera', lamp_power=1.0, camera_distance_m=None, depth_m=2.0, exposure_photons=10000.0, fov_deg=60.0, beam_exponent=6.0) -> 'dict';从台账取用则 opsoptics.get("underwater_inspection_image"))
• GPU:无(仅 CPU 参考实现)
船体或管道检测图像:位于相机处的灯穿过水照亮墙面 -> 字典(图像、逐像素信噪比)。
> 以下的详细说明为原文 —— 摘要与标题已翻译。
A thin layer over watermedia.underwater_image (the Akkaynak and Treibitz form: direct signal plus backscatter veil). scene_albedo is (H, W) or (H, W, 3) and distance_map_m (H, W) the camera-to-surface distance (> 0). light="camera": the only light is a lamp at the camera of lamp_power (relative power at 1 m); the wall is lit by lamp_power exp(-c r) / r^2 (beam attenuation c of the water at 0.61 / 0.54 / 0.465 um), reflects its albedo and the return path attenuates with Kd. The lamp also lights the water in front of the lens: the veil of the water type's single-scattering backscatter grows as 1 - exp(-Kd r) and is weighted by the lamp's beam pattern, cos(theta)^beam_exponent with theta the angle of the pixel from the axis (fov_deg across the width): strongest in the centre, where the lamp and the camera look at the same water. A baseline between lamp and camera, camera_distance_m (default
None: the lamp is at the camera), reduces the overlap of the lit and the seen water by 1 / (1 + (baseline / r)^2). light="ambient": daylight at depth_m and a veil of the daylight, uniform over the image (lamp_power is not used). light="both": the lamp and the daylight together (the signals and the veils add).
snr = sqrt(N) direct / sqrt(direct + backscatter + 1e-12) is the shot-noise limited signal to noise of the direct signal against its own shot noise and the shot noise of the veil (N = exposure_photons per unit radiance): it falls with distance because the direct term falls and the veil grows. snr_clear is the same expression for water that does not attenuate or scatter (equal to snr as the distance tends to 0). The table has image (H, W, 3), direct, backscatter, snr, snr_clear, snr_mean (over the three bands), veil_profile (H, W), transmission, beam_attenuation_c, kd, water_type and light. A zero or negative distance, an albedo outside [0, 1], an unknown water type and a bad light are refused.
optics 的每个算子都先校验输入再计算(不让任何东西无声通过):
• 单位写进参数名 —— _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。把 mm 和 µm 弄混不会崩溃,而是给出「看着合理却是错的答案」,所以用命名来防。这里绝不从数值大小去猜单位。
• 字符串一律 ValueError —— float('50') 会成功,于是未解析的配置值会被当成长度混进来(实测:thin_lens('50', '200') 曾返回看着合理的 66.667 mm)。bool 也按 True == 1 的隐式提升拒绝。
• complex / masked array 一律 ValueError(仅接受实数槽位;拒绝无声丢弃虚部或剥掉掩码)。所有输入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError。但已声明的缺测除外:bottle_fit_from_pattern 的 u_map 以 NaN 接收未能测得的像素(∞ 仍被拒绝)。
• 逐项点名拒绝除零及其近亲:焦距 0、曲率半径 0、折射率 <= 0、全不透明光阑(全为 0,归一化变成 0/0)、总和 <= 0 的 PSF、S0 = 0 的 Stokes 矢量、物体位于前焦点(像在无穷远)。
• 只有两个算子会返回非有限值,而且都写进了契约:depth_of_field 在超焦距以外返回 far_mm = inf(这正是超焦距的定义),gaussian_beam 在束腰处返回 wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波前的曲率半径)。两者都同时返回一个有限的搭档(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)。除此之外的无声 NaN/Inf 都在内部检出并 ValueError ——「float64 溢出了」和「答案是无穷大」是两种不同的主张,不能拿后者的脸去交付前者。但已声明的缺测除外:bottle_background_map 对光线不可用的像素(全反射等)在 u_mm 中返回 NaN,并同时返回 valid 掩码和数量。
• 尺寸上限:生成网格受 optics.MAX_GRID(4096)限制,传入的场/PSF/光阑受 optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24),ABCD 元件序列受 optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024),Zernike 受 MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。以 fail-closed 堵住「小参数引发巨大内部分配」的路径(实测:n_max=40 × 4096² 需要 108 GB)。
• 物理上不可能的状态同样拒绝:偏振度 > 1 的 Stokes 矢量、负透过率、负强度、n-|m| 为奇数等非法 Zernike 指标。
• 示例数据目录(下载 URL / 许可证) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有领域)加合成图,3-D 给出真实数据源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下载 URL。
• 算子来历与参考文献 —— 该算子族所依据的研究/方法出处。
• 算法的正典(作者、年份)与用途见上面的族使用指南。
• poc_water_inspection_images — py -3.11 examples/poc_water_inspection_images.py
table 作为输入)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
watervision)caustic_irradiance · bottle_image · fill_level_from_image · bottle_background_map · bottle_fit_from_pattern · wet_surface_appearance · wet_dry_inspection_pair · caustic_floor_segmentation
*Provenance: watervision.py — OPTICS 算子登记表。本条目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自动生成(请勿手工编辑)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.