watervision op• 資料種類:無 → table(僅由參數決定的運算子 —— 不接受影像或資料輸入)
• 呼叫: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.wet_surface_appearance(albedo, roughness, water_film_um, view_deg, light_deg, n_water=None) -> 'dict'(要直接呼叫實作,import watervision; watervision.wet_surface_appearance(albedo, roughness, water_film_um, view_deg, light_deg, n_water=None) -> 'dict';從台帳取用則 opsoptics.get("wet_surface_appearance"))
• GPU:無(僅 CPU 參考實作)
薄水膜下表面的變暗與光澤(Lekner & Dorf 1988;Twomey 等 1986)-> 字典。
> 以下的詳細說明為原文 —— 摘要與標題已翻譯。
A dry diffuse surface of albedo a returns a of the light. Under a water film the light that the surface scatters upward reaches the water-air interface; the part beyond the critical angle (and the Fresnel share below it) is reflected back down, hits the surface again and is partly absorbed again. With r the hemispherical, cosine-weighted internal reflectance of the interface (computed by quadrature, about 0.47 for water) and R_s the Fresnel reflectance of the incoming light at light_deg, the geometric series of the trapped light gives, for a Lambertian surface, a_film = a (1 - R_s) (1 - r) / (1 - a r). This is below a for every a in (0, 1) and the darkening is stronger for darker surfaces (a = 0.5 loses about a third). water_film_um enters only through an assumed coverage c = 1 - exp(-film / 2 um) (a film thicker than a few micrometres wets all the roughness; interference in films thinner than a wavelength is not modelled), wet_albedo = (1 - c) a + c a_film, so a film of 0 returns a exactly. The film also glosses: its smooth surface mirrors the light with the Fresnel reflectance of water (n = 1.33; the dry dielectric uses 1.5) in a lobe half as wide as the dry one (Gaussian, sigma 0.03 (1 + 4 roughness) rad for the dry surface), radiance factor pi F G(eps) / cos(light) with eps the angle between the mirrored light and the viewing direction (|light_deg - view_deg| in the plane of incidence, the viewer opposite the light).
albedo in [0, 1] and roughness in [0, 1] broadcast with water_film_um (>= 0); view_deg and light_deg are scalars in [0, 90). The table has wet_albedo, dry_albedo, ratio (wet / dry, 1 where the albedo is 0), film_albedo (the fully wet value), coverage, internal_reflectance_mean (r), fresnel_light (R_s), specular_dry, specular_wet, specular_fraction_dry / specular_fraction_wet (the share of the specular radiance factor in the total), wet_albedo_rgb (shape + (3,), with the index of water at 0.61 / 0.54 / 0.465 um), n_water_rgb, n_water and darker (all wet albedos below the dry ones where the film is thick). Albedos or roughness outside [0, 1], a negative film and angles outside [0, 90) are refused.
optics 的每個運算子都先檢驗輸入再計算(不讓任何東西無聲通過):
• 單位寫進參數名 —— _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。把 mm 和 µm 弄混不會當掉,而是給出「看似合理卻是錯的答案」,所以用命名來防。這裡絕不從數值大小去猜單位。
• 字串一律 ValueError —— float('50') 會成功,於是未解析的設定值會被當成長度混進來(實測:thin_lens('50', '200') 曾回傳看似合理的 66.667 mm)。bool 也按 True == 1 的隱式提升拒絕。
• complex / masked array 一律 ValueError(僅接受實數槽位;拒絕無聲丟棄虛部或剝掉遮罩)。所有輸入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError。但已宣告的缺測除外:bottle_fit_from_pattern 的 u_map 以 NaN 接收未能測得的像素(∞ 仍被拒絕)。
• 逐項點名拒絕除零及其近親:焦距 0、曲率半徑 0、折射率 <= 0、全不透明光闌(全為 0,正規化變成 0/0)、總和 <= 0 的 PSF、S0 = 0 的 Stokes 向量、物體位於前焦點(像在無窮遠)。
• 只有兩個運算子會回傳非有限值,而且都寫進了契約:depth_of_field 在超焦距以外回傳 far_mm = inf(這正是超焦距的定義),gaussian_beam 在束腰處回傳 wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波前的曲率半徑)。兩者都同時回傳一個有限的夥伴(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)。除此之外的無聲 NaN/Inf 都在內部檢出並 ValueError ——「float64 溢位了」和「答案是無窮大」是兩種不同的主張,不能拿後者的臉去交付前者。但已宣告的缺測除外:bottle_background_map 對光線不可用的像素(全反射等)在 u_mm 中回傳 NaN,並同時回傳 valid 遮罩和數量。
• 尺寸上限:生成網格受 optics.MAX_GRID(4096)限制,傳入的場/PSF/光闌受 optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24),ABCD 元件序列受 optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024),Zernike 受 MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。以 fail-closed 堵住「小參數引發巨大內部配置」的路徑(實測:n_max=40 × 4096² 需要 108 GB)。
• 物理上不可能的狀態同樣拒絕:偏振度 > 1 的 Stokes 向量、負穿透率、負強度、n-|m| 為奇數等非法 Zernike 指標。
• 範例資料目錄(下載 URL / 授權) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有領域)加合成圖,3-D 給出真實資料源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下載 URL。
• 運算子來歷與參考文獻 —— 該運算子族所依據的研究/方法出處。
• 演算法的正典(作者、年份)與用途見上面的族使用指南。
• poc_water_inspection_images — py -3.11 examples/poc_water_inspection_images.py
table 作為輸入)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
watervision)caustic_irradiance · bottle_image · fill_level_from_image · bottle_background_map · bottle_fit_from_pattern · wet_dry_inspection_pair · underwater_inspection_image · caustic_floor_segmentation
*Provenance: watervision.py — OPTICS 運算子登記表。本條目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自動產生(請勿手動編輯)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.