watervision op• 数据种类:无 → table(仅由参数决定的算子 —— 不接受图像或数据输入)
• 调用: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.wet_surface_appearance(albedo, roughness, water_film_um, view_deg, light_deg, n_water=None) -> 'dict'(要直接调用实现,import watervision; watervision.wet_surface_appearance(albedo, roughness, water_film_um, view_deg, light_deg, n_water=None) -> 'dict';从台账取用则 opsoptics.get("wet_surface_appearance"))
• GPU:无(仅 CPU 参考实现)
薄水膜下表面的变暗与光泽(Lekner & Dorf 1988;Twomey 等 1986)-> 字典。
> 以下的详细说明为原文 —— 摘要与标题已翻译。
A dry diffuse surface of albedo a returns a of the light. Under a water film the light that the surface scatters upward reaches the water-air interface; the part beyond the critical angle (and the Fresnel share below it) is reflected back down, hits the surface again and is partly absorbed again. With r the hemispherical, cosine-weighted internal reflectance of the interface (computed by quadrature, about 0.47 for water) and R_s the Fresnel reflectance of the incoming light at light_deg, the geometric series of the trapped light gives, for a Lambertian surface, a_film = a (1 - R_s) (1 - r) / (1 - a r). This is below a for every a in (0, 1) and the darkening is stronger for darker surfaces (a = 0.5 loses about a third). water_film_um enters only through an assumed coverage c = 1 - exp(-film / 2 um) (a film thicker than a few micrometres wets all the roughness; interference in films thinner than a wavelength is not modelled), wet_albedo = (1 - c) a + c a_film, so a film of 0 returns a exactly. The film also glosses: its smooth surface mirrors the light with the Fresnel reflectance of water (n = 1.33; the dry dielectric uses 1.5) in a lobe half as wide as the dry one (Gaussian, sigma 0.03 (1 + 4 roughness) rad for the dry surface), radiance factor pi F G(eps) / cos(light) with eps the angle between the mirrored light and the viewing direction (|light_deg - view_deg| in the plane of incidence, the viewer opposite the light).
albedo in [0, 1] and roughness in [0, 1] broadcast with water_film_um (>= 0); view_deg and light_deg are scalars in [0, 90). The table has wet_albedo, dry_albedo, ratio (wet / dry, 1 where the albedo is 0), film_albedo (the fully wet value), coverage, internal_reflectance_mean (r), fresnel_light (R_s), specular_dry, specular_wet, specular_fraction_dry / specular_fraction_wet (the share of the specular radiance factor in the total), wet_albedo_rgb (shape + (3,), with the index of water at 0.61 / 0.54 / 0.465 um), n_water_rgb, n_water and darker (all wet albedos below the dry ones where the film is thick). Albedos or roughness outside [0, 1], a negative film and angles outside [0, 90) are refused.
optics 的每个算子都先校验输入再计算(不让任何东西无声通过):
• 单位写进参数名 —— _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。把 mm 和 µm 弄混不会崩溃,而是给出「看着合理却是错的答案」,所以用命名来防。这里绝不从数值大小去猜单位。
• 字符串一律 ValueError —— float('50') 会成功,于是未解析的配置值会被当成长度混进来(实测:thin_lens('50', '200') 曾返回看着合理的 66.667 mm)。bool 也按 True == 1 的隐式提升拒绝。
• complex / masked array 一律 ValueError(仅接受实数槽位;拒绝无声丢弃虚部或剥掉掩码)。所有输入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError。但已声明的缺测除外:bottle_fit_from_pattern 的 u_map 以 NaN 接收未能测得的像素(∞ 仍被拒绝)。
• 逐项点名拒绝除零及其近亲:焦距 0、曲率半径 0、折射率 <= 0、全不透明光阑(全为 0,归一化变成 0/0)、总和 <= 0 的 PSF、S0 = 0 的 Stokes 矢量、物体位于前焦点(像在无穷远)。
• 只有两个算子会返回非有限值,而且都写进了契约:depth_of_field 在超焦距以外返回 far_mm = inf(这正是超焦距的定义),gaussian_beam 在束腰处返回 wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波前的曲率半径)。两者都同时返回一个有限的搭档(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)。除此之外的无声 NaN/Inf 都在内部检出并 ValueError ——「float64 溢出了」和「答案是无穷大」是两种不同的主张,不能拿后者的脸去交付前者。但已声明的缺测除外:bottle_background_map 对光线不可用的像素(全反射等)在 u_mm 中返回 NaN,并同时返回 valid 掩码和数量。
• 尺寸上限:生成网格受 optics.MAX_GRID(4096)限制,传入的场/PSF/光阑受 optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24),ABCD 元件序列受 optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024),Zernike 受 MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。以 fail-closed 堵住「小参数引发巨大内部分配」的路径(实测:n_max=40 × 4096² 需要 108 GB)。
• 物理上不可能的状态同样拒绝:偏振度 > 1 的 Stokes 矢量、负透过率、负强度、n-|m| 为奇数等非法 Zernike 指标。
• 示例数据目录(下载 URL / 许可证) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有领域)加合成图,3-D 给出真实数据源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下载 URL。
• 算子来历与参考文献 —— 该算子族所依据的研究/方法出处。
• 算法的正典(作者、年份)与用途见上面的族使用指南。
• poc_water_inspection_images — py -3.11 examples/poc_water_inspection_images.py
table 作为输入)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
watervision)caustic_irradiance · bottle_image · fill_level_from_image · bottle_background_map · bottle_fit_from_pattern · wet_dry_inspection_pair · underwater_inspection_image · caustic_floor_segmentation
*Provenance: watervision.py — OPTICS 算子登记表。本条目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自动生成(请勿手工编辑)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.