
PMID- 42559441
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20260813
IS  - 0319-5724 (Print)
IS  - 1708-945X (Electronic)
IS  - 0319-5724 (Linking)
DP  - 2026 Aug 4
TI  - Improved risk prediction via cross-domain calibration in a retrospective 
      case-control study.
LID - e70058 [pii]
LID - 10.1002/cjs.70058 [doi]
AB  - Given a well calibrated standard model involving standard predictors, we propose 
      a constrained maximum likelihood approach to incorporate the biomarker sampled 
      from a different population without having to correctly model them to improve the 
      prediction. The constraints ensure that the averaged risk with the biomarker 
      included is as close as that from the standard model. Our method allows different 
      distributions of the standard risk predictors between the target population and 
      the source population of the study data, and relies on the study data to inform 
      the relationship between biomarker and standard predictors. We develop large 
      sample theory of our method for parameters and measures for predictive accuracy, 
      and perform simulation studies to assess the finite sample performance of our 
      method. We apply our method to analyze a case-control study of breast cancer to 
      develop a model that includes both standard breast cancer risk predictors and the 
      biomarker mammographic density.
FAU - Zhao, Ge
AU  - Zhao G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2875-8652
AD  - Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Portland State University, Portland, 
      U.S.
FAU - Ma, Yanyuan
AU  - Ma Y
AD  - Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, U.S.
FAU - Cao, Yaqi
AU  - Cao Y
AD  - Department of Statistics, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 
      China.
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of 
      Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, U.S.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 NS131225/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20260804
PL  - Canada
TA  - Can J Stat
JT  - The Canadian journal of statistics = Revue canadienne de statistique
JID - 101092391
PMC - PMC13441221
MID - NIHMS2149909
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 62P10
OT  - 90C30
OT  - Calibration
OT  - Case-control data
OT  - Constrained optimization
OT  - Primary 62-02
OT  - Retrospective likelihood
OT  - Secondary 90-01
EDAT- 2026/08/06 12:37
MHDA- 2026/08/06 12:37
PMCR- 2026/08/06
CRDT- 2026/08/06 07:22
PHST- 2026/08/06 12:37 [medline]
PHST- 2026/08/06 12:37 [pubmed]
PHST- 2026/08/06 07:22 [entrez]
PHST- 2026/08/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - e70058 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/cjs.70058 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Can J Stat. 2026 Aug 4:e70058. doi: 10.1002/cjs.70058.
