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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

 

""" 

requests.models 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

 

This module contains the primary objects that power Requests. 

""" 

 

import collections 

import datetime 

 

from io import BytesIO, UnsupportedOperation 

from .hooks import default_hooks 

from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict 

 

from .auth import HTTPBasicAuth 

from .cookies import cookiejar_from_dict, get_cookie_header 

from .packages.urllib3.fields import RequestField 

from .packages.urllib3.filepost import encode_multipart_formdata 

from .packages.urllib3.util import parse_url 

from .packages.urllib3.exceptions import DecodeError 

from .exceptions import ( 

    HTTPError, RequestException, MissingSchema, InvalidURL, 

    ChunkedEncodingError, ContentDecodingError) 

from .utils import ( 

    guess_filename, get_auth_from_url, requote_uri, 

    stream_decode_response_unicode, to_key_val_list, parse_header_links, 

    iter_slices, guess_json_utf, super_len, to_native_string) 

from .compat import ( 

    cookielib, urlunparse, urlsplit, urlencode, str, bytes, StringIO, 

    is_py2, chardet, json, builtin_str, basestring, IncompleteRead) 

from .status_codes import codes 

 

#: The set of HTTP status codes that indicate an automatically 

#: processable redirect. 

REDIRECT_STATI = ( 

    codes.moved,  # 301 

    codes.found,  # 302 

    codes.other,  # 303 

    codes.temporary_moved,  # 307 

) 

DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT = 30 

CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE = 10 * 1024 

ITER_CHUNK_SIZE = 512 

 

 

class RequestEncodingMixin(object): 

    @property 

    def path_url(self): 

        """Build the path URL to use.""" 

 

        url = [] 

 

        p = urlsplit(self.url) 

 

        path = p.path 

        if not path: 

            path = '/' 

 

        url.append(path) 

 

        query = p.query 

        if query: 

            url.append('?') 

            url.append(query) 

 

        return ''.join(url) 

 

    @staticmethod 

    def _encode_params(data): 

        """Encode parameters in a piece of data. 

 

        Will successfully encode parameters when passed as a dict or a list of 

        2-tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of 2-tuples but arbitrary 

        if parameters are supplied as a dict. 

        """ 

 

        if isinstance(data, (str, bytes)): 

            return data 

        elif hasattr(data, 'read'): 

            return data 

        elif hasattr(data, '__iter__'): 

            result = [] 

            for k, vs in to_key_val_list(data): 

                if isinstance(vs, basestring) or not hasattr(vs, '__iter__'): 

                    vs = [vs] 

                for v in vs: 

                    if v is not None: 

                        result.append( 

                            (k.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(k, str) else k, 

                             v.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(v, str) else v)) 

            return urlencode(result, doseq=True) 

        else: 

            return data 

 

    @staticmethod 

    def _encode_files(files, data): 

        """Build the body for a multipart/form-data request. 

 

        Will successfully encode files when passed as a dict or a list of 

        2-tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of 2-tuples but arbitrary 

        if parameters are supplied as a dict. 

 

        """ 

        if (not files): 

            raise ValueError("Files must be provided.") 

        elif isinstance(data, basestring): 

            raise ValueError("Data must not be a string.") 

 

        new_fields = [] 

        fields = to_key_val_list(data or {}) 

        files = to_key_val_list(files or {}) 

 

        for field, val in fields: 

            if isinstance(val, basestring) or not hasattr(val, '__iter__'): 

                val = [val] 

            for v in val: 

                if v is not None: 

                    # Don't call str() on bytestrings: in Py3 it all goes wrong. 

                    if not isinstance(v, bytes): 

                        v = str(v) 

 

                    new_fields.append( 

                        (field.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(field, bytes) else field, 

                         v.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(v, str) else v)) 

 

        for (k, v) in files: 

            # support for explicit filename 

            ft = None 

            fh = None 

            if isinstance(v, (tuple, list)): 

                if len(v) == 2: 

                    fn, fp = v 

                elif len(v) == 3: 

                    fn, fp, ft = v 

                else: 

                    fn, fp, ft, fh = v 

            else: 

                fn = guess_filename(v) or k 

                fp = v 

            if isinstance(fp, str): 

                fp = StringIO(fp) 

            if isinstance(fp, bytes): 

                fp = BytesIO(fp) 

 

            rf = RequestField(name=k, data=fp.read(), 

                              filename=fn, headers=fh) 

            rf.make_multipart(content_type=ft) 

            new_fields.append(rf) 

 

        body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(new_fields) 

 

        return body, content_type 

 

 

class RequestHooksMixin(object): 

    def register_hook(self, event, hook): 

        """Properly register a hook.""" 

 

        if event not in self.hooks: 

            raise ValueError('Unsupported event specified, with event name "%s"' % (event)) 

 

        if isinstance(hook, collections.Callable): 

            self.hooks[event].append(hook) 

        elif hasattr(hook, '__iter__'): 

            self.hooks[event].extend(h for h in hook if isinstance(h, collections.Callable)) 

 

    def deregister_hook(self, event, hook): 

        """Deregister a previously registered hook. 

        Returns True if the hook existed, False if not. 

        """ 

 

        try: 

            self.hooks[event].remove(hook) 

            return True 

        except ValueError: 

            return False 

 

 

class Request(RequestHooksMixin): 

    """A user-created :class:`Request <Request>` object. 

 

    Used to prepare a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>`, which is sent to the server. 

 

    :param method: HTTP method to use. 

    :param url: URL to send. 

    :param headers: dictionary of headers to send. 

    :param files: dictionary of {filename: fileobject} files to multipart upload. 

    :param data: the body to attach the request. If a dictionary is provided, form-encoding will take place. 

    :param params: dictionary of URL parameters to append to the URL. 

    :param auth: Auth handler or (user, pass) tuple. 

    :param cookies: dictionary or CookieJar of cookies to attach to this request. 

    :param hooks: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage. 

 

    Usage:: 

 

      >>> import requests 

      >>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get') 

      >>> req.prepare() 

      <PreparedRequest [GET]> 

 

    """ 

    def __init__(self, 

        method=None, 

        url=None, 

        headers=None, 

        files=None, 

        data=None, 

        params=None, 

        auth=None, 

        cookies=None, 

        hooks=None): 

 

        # Default empty dicts for dict params. 

        data = [] if data is None else data 

        files = [] if files is None else files 

        headers = {} if headers is None else headers 

        params = {} if params is None else params 

        hooks = {} if hooks is None else hooks 

 

        self.hooks = default_hooks() 

        for (k, v) in list(hooks.items()): 

            self.register_hook(event=k, hook=v) 

 

        self.method = method 

        self.url = url 

        self.headers = headers 

        self.files = files 

        self.data = data 

        self.params = params 

        self.auth = auth 

        self.cookies = cookies 

 

    def __repr__(self): 

        return '<Request [%s]>' % (self.method) 

 

    def prepare(self): 

        """Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for transmission and returns it.""" 

        p = PreparedRequest() 

        p.prepare( 

            method=self.method, 

            url=self.url, 

            headers=self.headers, 

            files=self.files, 

            data=self.data, 

            params=self.params, 

            auth=self.auth, 

            cookies=self.cookies, 

            hooks=self.hooks, 

        ) 

        return p 

 

 

class PreparedRequest(RequestEncodingMixin, RequestHooksMixin): 

    """The fully mutable :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object, 

    containing the exact bytes that will be sent to the server. 

 

    Generated from either a :class:`Request <Request>` object or manually. 

 

    Usage:: 

 

      >>> import requests 

      >>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get') 

      >>> r = req.prepare() 

      <PreparedRequest [GET]> 

 

      >>> s = requests.Session() 

      >>> s.send(r) 

      <Response [200]> 

 

    """ 

 

    def __init__(self): 

        #: HTTP verb to send to the server. 

        self.method = None 

        #: HTTP URL to send the request to. 

        self.url = None 

        #: dictionary of HTTP headers. 

        self.headers = None 

        # The `CookieJar` used to create the Cookie header will be stored here 

        # after prepare_cookies is called 

        self._cookies = None 

        #: request body to send to the server. 

        self.body = None 

        #: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage. 

        self.hooks = default_hooks() 

 

    def prepare(self, method=None, url=None, headers=None, files=None, 

                data=None, params=None, auth=None, cookies=None, hooks=None): 

        """Prepares the entire request with the given parameters.""" 

 

        self.prepare_method(method) 

        self.prepare_url(url, params) 

        self.prepare_headers(headers) 

        self.prepare_cookies(cookies) 

        self.prepare_body(data, files) 

        self.prepare_auth(auth, url) 

        # Note that prepare_auth must be last to enable authentication schemes 

        # such as OAuth to work on a fully prepared request. 

 

        # This MUST go after prepare_auth. Authenticators could add a hook 

        self.prepare_hooks(hooks) 

 

    def __repr__(self): 

        return '<PreparedRequest [%s]>' % (self.method) 

 

    def copy(self): 

        p = PreparedRequest() 

        p.method = self.method 

        p.url = self.url 

        p.headers = self.headers.copy() 

        p._cookies = self._cookies.copy() 

        p.body = self.body 

        p.hooks = self.hooks 

        return p 

 

    def prepare_method(self, method): 

        """Prepares the given HTTP method.""" 

        self.method = method 

        if self.method is not None: 

            self.method = self.method.upper() 

 

    def prepare_url(self, url, params): 

        """Prepares the given HTTP URL.""" 

        #: Accept objects that have string representations. 

        try: 

            url = unicode(url) 

        except NameError: 

            # We're on Python 3. 

            url = str(url) 

        except UnicodeDecodeError: 

            pass 

 

        # Don't do any URL preparation for oddball schemes 

        if ':' in url and not url.lower().startswith('http'): 

            self.url = url 

            return 

 

        # Support for unicode domain names and paths. 

        scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parse_url(url) 

 

        if not scheme: 

            raise MissingSchema("Invalid URL {0!r}: No schema supplied. " 

                                "Perhaps you meant http://{0}?".format(url)) 

 

        if not host: 

            raise InvalidURL("Invalid URL %r: No host supplied" % url) 

 

        # Only want to apply IDNA to the hostname 

        try: 

            host = host.encode('idna').decode('utf-8') 

        except UnicodeError: 

            raise InvalidURL('URL has an invalid label.') 

 

        # Carefully reconstruct the network location 

        netloc = auth or '' 

        if netloc: 

            netloc += '@' 

        netloc += host 

        if port: 

            netloc += ':' + str(port) 

 

        # Bare domains aren't valid URLs. 

        if not path: 

            path = '/' 

 

        if is_py2: 

            if isinstance(scheme, str): 

                scheme = scheme.encode('utf-8') 

            if isinstance(netloc, str): 

                netloc = netloc.encode('utf-8') 

            if isinstance(path, str): 

                path = path.encode('utf-8') 

            if isinstance(query, str): 

                query = query.encode('utf-8') 

            if isinstance(fragment, str): 

                fragment = fragment.encode('utf-8') 

 

        enc_params = self._encode_params(params) 

        if enc_params: 

            if query: 

                query = '%s&%s' % (query, enc_params) 

            else: 

                query = enc_params 

 

        url = requote_uri(urlunparse([scheme, netloc, path, None, query, fragment])) 

        self.url = url 

 

    def prepare_headers(self, headers): 

        """Prepares the given HTTP headers.""" 

 

        if headers: 

            self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict((to_native_string(name), value) for name, value in headers.items()) 

        else: 

            self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict() 

 

    def prepare_body(self, data, files): 

        """Prepares the given HTTP body data.""" 

 

        # Check if file, fo, generator, iterator. 

        # If not, run through normal process. 

 

        # Nottin' on you. 

        body = None 

        content_type = None 

        length = None 

 

        is_stream = all([ 

            hasattr(data, '__iter__'), 

            not isinstance(data, (basestring, list, tuple, dict)) 

        ]) 

 

        try: 

            length = super_len(data) 

        except (TypeError, AttributeError, UnsupportedOperation): 

            length = None 

 

        if is_stream: 

            body = data 

 

            if files: 

                raise NotImplementedError('Streamed bodies and files are mutually exclusive.') 

 

            if length is not None: 

                self.headers['Content-Length'] = builtin_str(length) 

            else: 

                self.headers['Transfer-Encoding'] = 'chunked' 

        else: 

            # Multi-part file uploads. 

            if files: 

                (body, content_type) = self._encode_files(files, data) 

            else: 

                if data: 

                    body = self._encode_params(data) 

                    if isinstance(data, str) or isinstance(data, builtin_str) or hasattr(data, 'read'): 

                        content_type = None 

                    else: 

                        content_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' 

 

            self.prepare_content_length(body) 

 

            # Add content-type if it wasn't explicitly provided. 

            if (content_type) and (not 'content-type' in self.headers): 

                self.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type 

 

        self.body = body 

 

    def prepare_content_length(self, body): 

        if hasattr(body, 'seek') and hasattr(body, 'tell'): 

            body.seek(0, 2) 

            self.headers['Content-Length'] = builtin_str(body.tell()) 

            body.seek(0, 0) 

        elif body is not None: 

            l = super_len(body) 

            if l: 

                self.headers['Content-Length'] = builtin_str(l) 

        elif self.method not in ('GET', 'HEAD'): 

            self.headers['Content-Length'] = '0' 

 

    def prepare_auth(self, auth, url=''): 

        """Prepares the given HTTP auth data.""" 

 

        # If no Auth is explicitly provided, extract it from the URL first. 

        if auth is None: 

            url_auth = get_auth_from_url(self.url) 

            auth = url_auth if any(url_auth) else None 

 

        if auth: 

            if isinstance(auth, tuple) and len(auth) == 2: 

                # special-case basic HTTP auth 

                auth = HTTPBasicAuth(*auth) 

 

            # Allow auth to make its changes. 

            r = auth(self) 

 

            # Update self to reflect the auth changes. 

            self.__dict__.update(r.__dict__) 

 

            # Recompute Content-Length 

            self.prepare_content_length(self.body) 

 

    def prepare_cookies(self, cookies): 

        """Prepares the given HTTP cookie data.""" 

 

        if isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar): 

            self._cookies = cookies 

        else: 

            self._cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies) 

 

        cookie_header = get_cookie_header(self._cookies, self) 

        if cookie_header is not None: 

            self.headers['Cookie'] = cookie_header 

 

    def prepare_hooks(self, hooks): 

        """Prepares the given hooks.""" 

        for event in hooks: 

            self.register_hook(event, hooks[event]) 

 

 

class Response(object): 

    """The :class:`Response <Response>` object, which contains a 

    server's response to an HTTP request. 

    """ 

 

    __attrs__ = [ 

        '_content', 

        'status_code', 

        'headers', 

        'url', 

        'history', 

        'encoding', 

        'reason', 

        'cookies', 

        'elapsed', 

        'request', 

    ] 

 

    def __init__(self): 

        super(Response, self).__init__() 

 

        self._content = False 

        self._content_consumed = False 

 

        #: Integer Code of responded HTTP Status, e.g. 404 or 200. 

        self.status_code = None 

 

        #: Case-insensitive Dictionary of Response Headers. 

        #: For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the 

        #: value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header. 

        self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict() 

 

        #: File-like object representation of response (for advanced usage). 

        #: Use of ``raw`` requires that ``stream=True`` be set on the request. 

        # This requirement does not apply for use internally to Requests. 

        self.raw = None 

 

        #: Final URL location of Response. 

        self.url = None 

 

        #: Encoding to decode with when accessing r.text. 

        self.encoding = None 

 

        #: A list of :class:`Response <Response>` objects from 

        #: the history of the Request. Any redirect responses will end 

        #: up here. The list is sorted from the oldest to the most recent request. 

        self.history = [] 

 

        #: Textual reason of responded HTTP Status, e.g. "Not Found" or "OK". 

        self.reason = None 

 

        #: A CookieJar of Cookies the server sent back. 

        self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({}) 

 

        #: The amount of time elapsed between sending the request 

        #: and the arrival of the response (as a timedelta) 

        self.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(0) 

 

    def __getstate__(self): 

        # Consume everything; accessing the content attribute makes 

        # sure the content has been fully read. 

        if not self._content_consumed: 

            self.content 

 

        return dict( 

            (attr, getattr(self, attr, None)) 

            for attr in self.__attrs__ 

        ) 

 

    def __setstate__(self, state): 

        for name, value in state.items(): 

            setattr(self, name, value) 

 

        # pickled objects do not have .raw 

        setattr(self, '_content_consumed', True) 

        setattr(self, 'raw', None) 

 

    def __repr__(self): 

        return '<Response [%s]>' % (self.status_code) 

 

    def __bool__(self): 

        """Returns true if :attr:`status_code` is 'OK'.""" 

        return self.ok 

 

    def __nonzero__(self): 

        """Returns true if :attr:`status_code` is 'OK'.""" 

        return self.ok 

 

    def __iter__(self): 

        """Allows you to use a response as an iterator.""" 

        return self.iter_content(128) 

 

    @property 

    def ok(self): 

        try: 

            self.raise_for_status() 

        except RequestException: 

            return False 

        return True 

 

    @property 

    def is_redirect(self): 

        """True if this Response is a well-formed HTTP redirect that could have 

        been processed automatically (by :meth:`Session.resolve_redirects`). 

        """ 

        return ('location' in self.headers and self.status_code in REDIRECT_STATI) 

 

    @property 

    def apparent_encoding(self): 

        """The apparent encoding, provided by the chardet library""" 

        return chardet.detect(self.content)['encoding'] 

 

    def iter_content(self, chunk_size=1, decode_unicode=False): 

        """Iterates over the response data.  When stream=True is set on the 

        request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for 

        large responses.  The chunk size is the number of bytes it should 

        read into memory.  This is not necessarily the length of each item 

        returned as decoding can take place. 

 

        If decode_unicode is True, content will be decoded using the best 

        available encoding based on the response. 

        """ 

        def generate(): 

            try: 

                # Special case for urllib3. 

                try: 

                    for chunk in self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True): 

                        yield chunk 

                except IncompleteRead as e: 

                    raise ChunkedEncodingError(e) 

                except DecodeError as e: 

                    raise ContentDecodingError(e) 

            except AttributeError: 

                # Standard file-like object. 

                while True: 

                    chunk = self.raw.read(chunk_size) 

                    if not chunk: 

                        break 

                    yield chunk 

 

            self._content_consumed = True 

 

        # simulate reading small chunks of the content 

        reused_chunks = iter_slices(self._content, chunk_size) 

 

        stream_chunks = generate() 

 

        chunks = reused_chunks if self._content_consumed else stream_chunks 

 

        if decode_unicode: 

            chunks = stream_decode_response_unicode(chunks, self) 

 

        return chunks 

 

    def iter_lines(self, chunk_size=ITER_CHUNK_SIZE, decode_unicode=None): 

        """Iterates over the response data, one line at a time.  When 

        stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the 

        content at once into memory for large responses. 

        """ 

 

        pending = None 

 

        for chunk in self.iter_content(chunk_size=chunk_size, decode_unicode=decode_unicode): 

 

            if pending is not None: 

                chunk = pending + chunk 

            lines = chunk.splitlines() 

 

            if lines and lines[-1] and chunk and lines[-1][-1] == chunk[-1]: 

                pending = lines.pop() 

            else: 

                pending = None 

 

            for line in lines: 

                yield line 

 

        if pending is not None: 

            yield pending 

 

    @property 

    def content(self): 

        """Content of the response, in bytes.""" 

 

        if self._content is False: 

            # Read the contents. 

            try: 

                if self._content_consumed: 

                    raise RuntimeError( 

                        'The content for this response was already consumed') 

 

                if self.status_code == 0: 

                    self._content = None 

                else: 

                    self._content = bytes().join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or bytes() 

 

            except AttributeError: 

                self._content = None 

 

        self._content_consumed = True 

        # don't need to release the connection; that's been handled by urllib3 

        # since we exhausted the data. 

        return self._content 

 

    @property 

    def text(self): 

        """Content of the response, in unicode. 

 

        If Response.encoding is None, encoding will be guessed using 

        ``chardet``. 

 

        The encoding of the response content is determined based solely on HTTP 

        headers, following RFC 2616 to the letter. If you can take advantage of 

        non-HTTP knowledge to make a better guess at the encoding, you should 

        set ``r.encoding`` appropriately before accessing this property. 

        """ 

 

        # Try charset from content-type 

        content = None 

        encoding = self.encoding 

 

        if not self.content: 

            return str('') 

 

        # Fallback to auto-detected encoding. 

        if self.encoding is None: 

            encoding = self.apparent_encoding 

 

        # Decode unicode from given encoding. 

        try: 

            content = str(self.content, encoding, errors='replace') 

        except (LookupError, TypeError): 

            # A LookupError is raised if the encoding was not found which could 

            # indicate a misspelling or similar mistake. 

            # 

            # A TypeError can be raised if encoding is None 

            # 

            # So we try blindly encoding. 

            content = str(self.content, errors='replace') 

 

        return content 

 

    def json(self, **kwargs): 

        """Returns the json-encoded content of a response, if any. 

 

        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``json.loads`` takes. 

        """ 

 

        if not self.encoding and len(self.content) > 3: 

            # No encoding set. JSON RFC 4627 section 3 states we should expect 

            # UTF-8, -16 or -32. Detect which one to use; If the detection or 

            # decoding fails, fall back to `self.text` (using chardet to make 

            # a best guess). 

            encoding = guess_json_utf(self.content) 

            if encoding is not None: 

                try: 

                    return json.loads(self.content.decode(encoding), **kwargs) 

                except UnicodeDecodeError: 

                    # Wrong UTF codec detected; usually because it's not UTF-8 

                    # but some other 8-bit codec.  This is an RFC violation, 

                    # and the server didn't bother to tell us what codec *was* 

                    # used. 

                    pass 

        return json.loads(self.text, **kwargs) 

 

    @property 

    def links(self): 

        """Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any.""" 

 

        header = self.headers.get('link') 

 

        # l = MultiDict() 

        l = {} 

 

        if header: 

            links = parse_header_links(header) 

 

            for link in links: 

                key = link.get('rel') or link.get('url') 

                l[key] = link 

 

        return l 

 

    def raise_for_status(self): 

        """Raises stored :class:`HTTPError`, if one occurred.""" 

 

        http_error_msg = '' 

 

        if 400 <= self.status_code < 500: 

            http_error_msg = '%s Client Error: %s' % (self.status_code, self.reason) 

 

        elif 500 <= self.status_code < 600: 

            http_error_msg = '%s Server Error: %s' % (self.status_code, self.reason) 

 

        if http_error_msg: 

            raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self) 

 

    def close(self): 

        """Releases the connection back to the pool. Once this method has been 

        called the underlying ``raw`` object must not be accessed again. 

 

        *Note: Should not normally need to be called explicitly.* 

        """ 

        return self.raw.release_conn()