fuse_to_voxel — 3D fusion op

• Data kinds: any → voxel

• Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.fuse_to_voxel(items, size=64, bounds=None, device='cpu', smooth=0.8) (to call the implementation directly, import fuse3d; fuse3d.fuse_to_voxel(items, size=64, bounds=None, device='cpu', smooth=0.8); from the registry, ops3d.get("fuse_to_voxel"))

• Return value through the ledger: fullseye.ledger.fuse_to_voxel(...) returns only the declared out type voxel (the underlying function also returns auxiliary values). When you need what was dropped, use fullseye.ledger.fuse_to_voxel.raw(...) or call fuse3d.fuse_to_voxel directly.

• Underlying return: (voxel, bounds)

• GPU: this op has a GPU path (device="cuda")

Usage

Fuse several structures into one common density voxel volume (TRIZ integration). items=[(data, kind, params_dict), ...].

Brings complementary structures such as mesh (topology) + points (samples) + depth (observations) into 1 representation. Returns (voxel, bounds).

Procedure: each (data, kind, params) is turned into a point cloud with to_points(data, kind, **params), concatenated vertically, and splatted into a size^3 density grid with match3d.points_to_voxel (+1 to the cell each point falls into; if smooth > 0, smoothed with a Gaussian of σ = smooth voxels). If bounds=None, the (min, max) of the concatenated point cloud becomes the grid range.

Args:

• items: a non-empty list/tuple whose elements are length-3 (data, kind, params_dict) (params_dict must be a dict). To change samples of to_points, put samples= into params.

• size: number of voxels per 1 axis (fixed cubic grid).

• bounds: (lo, hi), each of length 3. When putting several clouds on the same grid (comparison, voxel_iou), always give it explicitly.

• device: torch device ("cpu" / "cuda"). smooth: Gaussian σ [voxel].

Returns: (voxel, bounds) — voxel is a (size, size, size) float64 point-count density (sum ≈ total number of points, not a probability), bounds is the (lo, hi) actually used. The grid index is floor((p - lo) / span * (size - 1)) of points_to_voxel, and axis 0 corresponds to the x component of the points (voxel axis order = point component order).

Validation (ValueError): items not a list/tuple, empty, elements not 3-tuples, params not a dict (stops at the entrance the misuse of passing raw data directly).

Background guides (the physics and conventions behind this op)

• depth_sensors — Depth sensors — ranging principles, real-device figures, how dropouts appear

References (sample data, literature)

• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).

• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.

Runnable examples (verified samples that actually call this op)

• transforms_repr — py -3.11 examples_3d/transforms_repr.py

Ops the type connects to (they accept voxel as input)

voxel_to_mips · voxel_to_mesh · signed_distance_field · to_points · sobel3d · hessian3d · curvature_maps · edt_jfa

Same category (fusion)

register_cross


*Provenance: fuse3d.py — 3D operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*

© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.