synthesis op• Datenarten: keine → signal (ein Operator, der allein durch seine Argumente bestimmt ist — er nimmt kein Bild und keine Daten entgegen)
• Aufruf: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.synthesize_bearing_signal(rate=25600.0, duration=1.0, carrier_hz=3000.0, defect_hz=107.0, modulation=0.5, mode='am', damping=0.05, noise_sigma=0.0, seed=None) (die Implementierung direkt: import acoustics; acoustics.synthesize_bearing_signal(rate=25600.0, duration=1.0, carrier_hz=3000.0, defect_hz=107.0, modulation=0.5, mode='am', damping=0.05, noise_sigma=0.0, seed=None); aus dem Register: opsacoustics.get("synthesize_bearing_signal"))
Eine Resonanz, amplitudenmoduliert mit bekannter Schadensrate — die Ground Truth.
> Die ausführliche Beschreibung unten ist der Originaltext — Zusammenfassung und Überschriften sind übersetzt.
This is the whole reason envelope analysis exists, built forwards so the answer is known before the measurement. A spall on a bearing race does not radiate at the defect rate; it strikes a structure that rings at a much higher resonance, once per defect passage. What reaches the microphone is a carrier at the resonance, modulated at the defect rate, and the defect rate itself is not present in the signal as a frequency component at all.
mode="am" gives the exactly analysable case, x(t) = (1 + m cos(2 pi f_d t)) sin(2 pi f_c t). Its analytic envelope is exactly 1 + m cos(2 pi f_d t) for m < 1, so the single-sided envelope spectrum has a line of amplitude exactly m at f_d and nothing else. Measured with m = 0.5: envelope_spectrum returns a peak at 107.000000 Hz of amplitude 0.499677 (the 0.06 % shortfall is the band-pass filter rolling off across the two sidebands, not the demodulation).
mode="impulse" gives the physically shaped case: an impulse train at f_d, each impulse ringing down as exp(-2 pi zeta f_c t) sin(2 pi f_c t). The envelope spectrum then shows f_d and its harmonics, which is what a real record looks like. Measured with f_d = 107 Hz: the envelope-spectrum peak is at 107.000000 Hz and the harmonics at 214 and 321 Hz carry 0.6542 and 0.4748 of the fundamental's amplitude.
In am mode the raw spectrum has nothing at f_d: measured, the raw single-sided amplitude at 107 Hz is 4.3e-16, while the carrier reads 1.000000 and each sideband at 2893 and 3107 Hz reads 0.250000 — exactly m/2, as amplitude modulation requires. In impulse mode the raw amplitude at 107 Hz is 0.01165, not zero (an impulse train is not a pure product), but still 18x below what the envelope spectrum recovers from the same record.
Raises ValueError: any non-real / non-finite / string / bool scalar, rate <= 0, duration <= 0, modulation outside [0, 1) in am mode (at m >= 1 the envelope is |1 + m cos|, which folds and puts energy at 2 f_d — a rectified envelope, not the modulation), damping outside (0, 1), a total length over MAX_SAMPLES, and — the one that matters — any requested frequency at or above Nyquist, including the upper modulation sideband f_c + f_d. An aliased carrier would come back as a plausible signal at the wrong frequency with no error.
• Leitfaden zur Familie acoustic_condition_monitoring
• Katalog der Beispieldaten (Download-URLs / Lizenzen) — 2-D nutzt skimage.data (BSD/Public Domain) plus synthetische Bilder, 3-D nennt Download-URLs echter Datenquellen (Stanford, PDS, …).
• Herkunft und Literatur der Operatoren — die Quellen der Forschung/Verfahren, auf denen diese Operatorfamilie beruht.
• Der kanonische Algorithmus (Autor, Jahr) und seine Anwendungen stehen im Familienleitfaden oben.
• acoustic_condition_monitoring — py -3.11 examples/acoustic_condition_monitoring.py
• poc_bearing_diagnosis — py -3.11 examples/poc_bearing_diagnosis.py
• poc_machine_condition_fusion — py -3.11 examples/poc_machine_condition_fusion.py
signal als Eingabe)stft · envelope_spectrum · spectral_kurtosis · cepstrum · angular_resample · order_spectrum · octave_spectrum · weighting_response
synthesis)*Provenance: acoustics.py — ACOUSTICS Operator-Registry. Diese Notiz wird von tools/opdocs.py md erzeugt (nicht von Hand bearbeiten).*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.