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Localization
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Foundations
Foundations
Part 1. Foundations
101. What this part knows
102. What localization is: GILT, locale, and the difference between translating and adapting
103. A short history: from code pages and DOS to continuous delivery
104. Characters and encodings: Unicode, normalization and what a string is
105. Locales and CLDR: language tags, regions, scripts and the data behind formats
106. Numbers, dates, currencies and units: display conventions without changing values
107. Plurals, gender and message formats: CLDR categories, ICU MessageFormat, Qt %n
108. Scripts, text direction and fonts: bidi, shaping and rendering
109. Space and growth: expansion, truncation, wrapping and layout that survives translation
110. Culture, law and cost: what to adapt, what to leave, and what it costs
Engineering
Engineering
Part 2. Internationalization engineering
201. What this part knows
202. World-ready design: separating code from text, data from presentation
203. Externalizing strings: keys, contexts, comments and the message-key model
204. Placeholders and grammar: variables, ordering, agreement and the no-concatenation rule
205. Qt instrumentation: tr(), contexts, disambiguation, NOOP macros and .ui files
206. The Qt toolchain and runtime: lupdate, lrelease, lconvert, QTranslator, language switching
207. Web and TypeScript: Intl, i18next, FormatJS, Lingui and typed keys
208. Mirroring and right-to-left interfaces: layout, icons and mixed direction
209. Rendering text: OpenType features, fallback fonts and complex scripts
210. Testing world-readiness: pseudo-localization, locale switching and mixed data
Formats
Formats
Part 3. Formats and data
301. What this part knows
302. Qt Linguist TS: contexts, numerus forms, states and what lupdate rewrites
303. Gettext PO: msgctxt, plural headers, fuzzy and the tooling around it
304. XLIFF 1.2 and 2.1: the interchange format and its two dialects
305. JSON, Android XML and Apple strings: the application formats
306. TMX and TBX: exchanging memories and terminology
307. The canonical model: one typed representation and the loss every conversion accepts
308. Conversion tools: lconvert, Translate Toolkit, Okapi and when to write your own
309. Byte-preserving edits: splice writers, diffs a reviewer can read, and provenance
310. Identity and upgrade: matching messages across versions, retired strings, fresh catalogs
Terminology
Terminology
Part 4. Terminology and memories
401. What this part knows
402. Terminology work: concepts, terms, definitions and why one meaning gets one word
403. A glossary schema: term, definition, status, collision, translatable, sources
404. The fallback original term: a plain English rendering for when the term will not travel
405. Core and project memories: glossaries versus whole strings, and why a term lives in one place
406. Evidence and attestation: choosing a translation from professional usage, not by translating the word
407. House voice across languages: humor, Power names, Smart features, down-to-earth terms
408. Word formation and derivation: verbs and adjectives from a noun, native compounds, collective nouns
409. Do-not-translate with restraint: brands, trademarks, identifiers, and everything else that may inflect
410. Ledgers and decisions: recording every change with its reason so the next catalog cannot regress
Interface
Interface
Part 5. Translating the interface
501. What this part knows
502. Headline style: keeping the compression of a compact source string
503. No added detail: pair not kerning pair, mask not mask layer, and the reverse
504. Mnemonics, shortcuts and key names: what the catalog may and may not change
505. Plurals in practice: three Qt forms, four CLDR categories, fractions and zero
506. Placeholders and agreement: label and value, case, gender and runtime assembly
507. Registers of the interface: labels, tooltips, help, manuals and store copy
508. Source text as evidence: wrong strings, source defects and translating the behavior
509. Four language portraits: German compounds, Spanish dialect, French spacing, Polish cases
510. Review in the running application: width, wrapping, mixed direction and the screenshot
Machine translation
Machine translation
Part 6. Machine translation and AI
601. What this part knows
602. From rules to models: statistical, neural and large language model translation
603. Context engineering: what a model needs to translate a label correctly
604. Memory-first pipelines: kept, memory, engine, pending
605. Glossary enforcement: sending the right terms, checking that they arrived
606. The placeholder protocol: parse, instruct, validate, repair
607. Routing, batching, caching and cost: which model for which string
608. Quality estimation and judges: QE metrics, LLM-as-judge, MQM scoring and their limits
609. Post-editing: what a human does with a draft, and how the draft-to-final diff feeds the glossary
610. Data terms, privacy and trust: unreleased strings, provider policies and reproducibility
Process
Process
Part 7. Process, quality and delivery
701. What this part knows
702. Continuous localization: the loop from source change to compiled catalog
703. Branches, merges and conflicts: keeping git the source of truth
704. The quality gate: deterministic checks, estimation, judges and the residual for humans
705. Linguistic quality assurance: MQM families, severities, thresholds and sign-off
706. Pseudo-localization and layout testing: catching breakage before a translator sees it
707. Review tools and people: what a reviewer needs on screen, and how reviewers rotate
708. Vendors, translation management systems and project management
709. Help, documentation, graphics and media: the content beyond the catalog
710. Release, provenance and the roadmap: shipping, auditing, and what to build next
Toolkit
Toolkit
Part 8. The toolkit
Getting started
Project configuration
Command-line reference
Scanning Qt source
Qt extraction, release and launch
Pseudo-localization
Upgrading a Qt catalog
Catalog formats
Translating with memories
Translation batches and cache
Translating JSON text files
Translation content QA
Browser catalog review
Editorial review
Vocabulary corpus
Continuous localization
Troubleshooting
Extract translation-memory pairs
Legacy source projections
Corpus
Experimental
Experimental
Completed classification to A/B export
Resumable distillation passes
Retrieval for translation
Design
Design
Toolkit architecture
Review design contract
Reviewer visual verification
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