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sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import re
  4import typing as t
  5
  6from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  7from sqlglot._typing import E
  8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  9    Dialect,
 10    datestrtodate_sql,
 11    format_time_lambda,
 12    inline_array_sql,
 13    max_or_greatest,
 14    min_or_least,
 15    no_ilike_sql,
 16    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
 17    rename_func,
 18    timestrtotime_sql,
 19    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
 20)
 21from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
 22from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 23
 24
 25def _date_add_sql(
 26    data_type: str, kind: str
 27) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
 28    def func(self, expression):
 29        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 30        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
 31        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
 32        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit)
 33        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
 34
 35    return func
 36
 37
 38def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 39    if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
 40        return self.values_sql(expression)
 41
 42    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 43
 44    structs = [
 45        exp.Struct(
 46            expressions=[
 47                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
 48                for value, column_name in zip(
 49                    t.expressions,
 50                    alias.columns
 51                    if alias and alias.columns
 52                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
 53                )
 54            ]
 55        )
 56        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
 57    ]
 58
 59    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
 60
 61
 62def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
 63    this = expression.this
 64    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
 65        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
 66    else:
 67        this = self.sql(this)
 68    return f"RETURNS {this}"
 69
 70
 71def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
 72    kind = expression.args["kind"]
 73    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 74    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
 75        expression = expression.copy()
 76        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
 77        if isinstance(
 78            expression.expression,
 79            (
 80                exp.Subquery,
 81                exp.Literal,
 82            ),
 83        ):
 84            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
 85
 86        return self.create_sql(expression)
 87
 88    return self.create_sql(expression)
 89
 90
 91def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 92    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
 93
 94    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
 95    """
 96    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
 97        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
 98            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)) and unnest.alias:
 99                for select in expression.selects:
100                    for column in select.find_all(exp.Column):
101                        if column.table == unnest.alias:
102                            column.set("table", None)
103
104    return expression
105
106
107class BigQuery(Dialect):
108    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
109
110    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
111    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
112
113    TIME_MAPPING = {
114        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
115    }
116
117    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
118        "DD": "%d",
119        "MM": "%m",
120        "MON": "%b",
121        "MONTH": "%B",
122        "YYYY": "%Y",
123        "YY": "%y",
124        "HH": "%I",
125        "HH12": "%I",
126        "HH24": "%H",
127        "MI": "%M",
128        "SS": "%S",
129        "SSSSS": "%f",
130        "TZH": "%z",
131    }
132
133    @classmethod
134    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
135        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
136        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
137        # not they're qualified.
138        if (
139            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
140            and not (isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table) and expression.parent.db)
141            and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
142        ):
143            expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
144
145        return expression
146
147    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
148        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
149        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
150        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
151        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
152
153        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
154
155        BYTE_STRINGS = [
156            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
157        ]
158
159        RAW_STRINGS = [
160            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
161        ]
162
163        KEYWORDS = {
164            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
165            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
166            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
167            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
168            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
169            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
170            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
171            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
172            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
173            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
174            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
175            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
176            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
177        }
178        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
179
180    class Parser(parser.Parser):
181        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
182
183        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
184        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
185
186        FUNCTIONS = {
187            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
188            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
189            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
190            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
191                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
192                this=seq_get(args, 0),
193            ),
194            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
195            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
196            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
197            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
198            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
199                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
200            ),
201            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")(
202                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
203            ),
204            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
205            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
206                this=seq_get(args, 0),
207                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
208                position=seq_get(args, 2),
209                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
210                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
211                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
212                else None,
213            ),
214            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
215                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
216                this=seq_get(args, 0),
217                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
218            ),
219            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
220            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
221            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
222            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
223            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
224        }
225
226        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
227            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
228            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
229        }
230        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
231
232        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
233            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
234            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
235        }
236
237        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
238            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
239            TokenType.TABLE,
240        }
241
242        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
243            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
244            TokenType.VALUES,
245        }
246
247        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
248            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
249            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
250                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
251            ),
252            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
253        }
254
255        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
256            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
257            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
258        }
259
260        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
261            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
262
263            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
264            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
265                table_name = this.name
266                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
267                    self._advance(2)
268                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
269
270                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
271
272            return this
273
274        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
275            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
276            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
277                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
278                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
279                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
280                )
281
282                if rest and this:
283                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
284
285                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
286
287            return table
288
289    class Generator(generator.Generator):
290        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
291        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
292        JOIN_HINTS = False
293        TABLE_HINTS = False
294        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
295        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
296
297        TRANSFORMS = {
298            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
299            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
300            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
301            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
302                "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", e.this, e.args.get("zone"))
303            ),
304            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
305            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
306            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
307            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
308            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
309            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
310            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
311            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
312            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
313            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
314            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
315            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
316            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
317            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
318            exp.Min: min_or_least,
319            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
320                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
321                e.this,
322                e.expression,
323                e.args.get("position"),
324                e.args.get("occurrence"),
325            ),
326            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
327            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
328                [_unqualify_unnest, transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]
329            ),
330            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
331            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
332            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
333            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
334            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
335            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
336            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
337            exp.TryCast: lambda self, e: f"SAFE_CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS {self.sql(e, 'to')})",
338            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
339            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
340            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
341            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
342            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
343            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
344            exp.Create: _create_sql,
345            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
346            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
347            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
348            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
349        }
350
351        TYPE_MAPPING = {
352            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
353            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
354            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
355            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
356            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
357            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
358            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
359            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
360            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
361            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
362            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
363            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
364            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
365            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
366            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
367            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
368            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
369            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
370            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
371            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
372            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
373        }
374
375        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
376            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
377            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
378            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
379        }
380
381        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
382        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
383            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
384            "all",
385            "and",
386            "any",
387            "array",
388            "as",
389            "asc",
390            "assert_rows_modified",
391            "at",
392            "between",
393            "by",
394            "case",
395            "cast",
396            "collate",
397            "contains",
398            "create",
399            "cross",
400            "cube",
401            "current",
402            "default",
403            "define",
404            "desc",
405            "distinct",
406            "else",
407            "end",
408            "enum",
409            "escape",
410            "except",
411            "exclude",
412            "exists",
413            "extract",
414            "false",
415            "fetch",
416            "following",
417            "for",
418            "from",
419            "full",
420            "group",
421            "grouping",
422            "groups",
423            "hash",
424            "having",
425            "if",
426            "ignore",
427            "in",
428            "inner",
429            "intersect",
430            "interval",
431            "into",
432            "is",
433            "join",
434            "lateral",
435            "left",
436            "like",
437            "limit",
438            "lookup",
439            "merge",
440            "natural",
441            "new",
442            "no",
443            "not",
444            "null",
445            "nulls",
446            "of",
447            "on",
448            "or",
449            "order",
450            "outer",
451            "over",
452            "partition",
453            "preceding",
454            "proto",
455            "qualify",
456            "range",
457            "recursive",
458            "respect",
459            "right",
460            "rollup",
461            "rows",
462            "select",
463            "set",
464            "some",
465            "struct",
466            "tablesample",
467            "then",
468            "to",
469            "treat",
470            "true",
471            "unbounded",
472            "union",
473            "unnest",
474            "using",
475            "when",
476            "where",
477            "window",
478            "with",
479            "within",
480        }
481
482        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
483            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
484            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
485                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
486
487            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
488
489        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
490            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
491
492        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
493            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
494
495        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
496            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
497
498        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
499            return self.sql(expression)
500
501        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
502            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
503                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
504            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
505
506        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
507            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
508                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
509            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
510
511        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
512            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
108class BigQuery(Dialect):
109    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
110
111    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
112    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
113
114    TIME_MAPPING = {
115        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
116    }
117
118    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
119        "DD": "%d",
120        "MM": "%m",
121        "MON": "%b",
122        "MONTH": "%B",
123        "YYYY": "%Y",
124        "YY": "%y",
125        "HH": "%I",
126        "HH12": "%I",
127        "HH24": "%H",
128        "MI": "%M",
129        "SS": "%S",
130        "SSSSS": "%f",
131        "TZH": "%z",
132    }
133
134    @classmethod
135    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
136        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
137        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
138        # not they're qualified.
139        if (
140            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
141            and not (isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table) and expression.parent.db)
142            and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
143        ):
144            expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
145
146        return expression
147
148    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
149        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
150        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
151        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
152        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
153
154        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
155
156        BYTE_STRINGS = [
157            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
158        ]
159
160        RAW_STRINGS = [
161            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
162        ]
163
164        KEYWORDS = {
165            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
166            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
167            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
168            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
169            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
170            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
171            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
172            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
173            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
174            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
175            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
176            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
177            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
178        }
179        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
180
181    class Parser(parser.Parser):
182        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
183
184        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
185        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
186
187        FUNCTIONS = {
188            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
189            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
190            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
191            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
192                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
193                this=seq_get(args, 0),
194            ),
195            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
196            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
197            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
198            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
199            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
200                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
201            ),
202            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")(
203                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
204            ),
205            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
206            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
207                this=seq_get(args, 0),
208                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
209                position=seq_get(args, 2),
210                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
211                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
212                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
213                else None,
214            ),
215            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
216                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
217                this=seq_get(args, 0),
218                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
219            ),
220            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
221            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
222            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
223            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
224            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
225        }
226
227        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
228            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
229            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
230        }
231        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
232
233        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
234            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
235            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
236        }
237
238        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
239            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
240            TokenType.TABLE,
241        }
242
243        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
244            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
245            TokenType.VALUES,
246        }
247
248        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
249            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
250            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
251                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
252            ),
253            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
254        }
255
256        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
257            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
258            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
259        }
260
261        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
262            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
263
264            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
265            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
266                table_name = this.name
267                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
268                    self._advance(2)
269                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
270
271                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
272
273            return this
274
275        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
276            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
277            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
278                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
279                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
280                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
281                )
282
283                if rest and this:
284                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
285
286                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
287
288            return table
289
290    class Generator(generator.Generator):
291        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
292        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
293        JOIN_HINTS = False
294        TABLE_HINTS = False
295        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
296        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
297
298        TRANSFORMS = {
299            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
300            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
301            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
302            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
303                "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", e.this, e.args.get("zone"))
304            ),
305            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
306            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
307            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
308            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
309            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
310            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
311            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
312            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
313            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
314            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
315            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
316            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
317            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
318            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
319            exp.Min: min_or_least,
320            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
321                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
322                e.this,
323                e.expression,
324                e.args.get("position"),
325                e.args.get("occurrence"),
326            ),
327            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
328            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
329                [_unqualify_unnest, transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]
330            ),
331            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
332            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
333            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
334            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
335            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
336            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
337            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
338            exp.TryCast: lambda self, e: f"SAFE_CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS {self.sql(e, 'to')})",
339            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
340            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
341            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
342            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
343            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
344            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
345            exp.Create: _create_sql,
346            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
347            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
348            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
349            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
350        }
351
352        TYPE_MAPPING = {
353            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
354            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
355            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
356            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
357            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
358            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
359            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
360            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
361            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
362            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
363            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
364            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
365            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
366            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
367            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
368            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
369            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
370            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
371            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
372            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
373            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
374        }
375
376        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
377            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
378            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
379            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
380        }
381
382        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
383        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
384            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
385            "all",
386            "and",
387            "any",
388            "array",
389            "as",
390            "asc",
391            "assert_rows_modified",
392            "at",
393            "between",
394            "by",
395            "case",
396            "cast",
397            "collate",
398            "contains",
399            "create",
400            "cross",
401            "cube",
402            "current",
403            "default",
404            "define",
405            "desc",
406            "distinct",
407            "else",
408            "end",
409            "enum",
410            "escape",
411            "except",
412            "exclude",
413            "exists",
414            "extract",
415            "false",
416            "fetch",
417            "following",
418            "for",
419            "from",
420            "full",
421            "group",
422            "grouping",
423            "groups",
424            "hash",
425            "having",
426            "if",
427            "ignore",
428            "in",
429            "inner",
430            "intersect",
431            "interval",
432            "into",
433            "is",
434            "join",
435            "lateral",
436            "left",
437            "like",
438            "limit",
439            "lookup",
440            "merge",
441            "natural",
442            "new",
443            "no",
444            "not",
445            "null",
446            "nulls",
447            "of",
448            "on",
449            "or",
450            "order",
451            "outer",
452            "over",
453            "partition",
454            "preceding",
455            "proto",
456            "qualify",
457            "range",
458            "recursive",
459            "respect",
460            "right",
461            "rollup",
462            "rows",
463            "select",
464            "set",
465            "some",
466            "struct",
467            "tablesample",
468            "then",
469            "to",
470            "treat",
471            "true",
472            "unbounded",
473            "union",
474            "unnest",
475            "using",
476            "when",
477            "where",
478            "window",
479            "with",
480            "within",
481        }
482
483        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
484            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
485            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
486                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
487
488            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
489
490        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
491            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
492
493        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
494            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
495
496        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
497            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
498
499        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
500            return self.sql(expression)
501
502        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
503            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
504                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
505            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
506
507        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
508            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
509                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
510            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
511
512        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
513            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
134    @classmethod
135    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
136        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
137        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
138        # not they're qualified.
139        if (
140            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
141            and not (isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table) and expression.parent.db)
142            and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
143        ):
144            expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
145
146        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"
RAW_START = "r'"
RAW_END = "'"
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
148    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
149        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
150        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
151        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
152        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
153
154        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
155
156        BYTE_STRINGS = [
157            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
158        ]
159
160        RAW_STRINGS = [
161            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
162        ]
163
164        KEYWORDS = {
165            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
166            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
167            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
168            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
169            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
170            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
171            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
172            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
173            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
174            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
175            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
176            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
177            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
178        }
179        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'IF': <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NEXT VALUE FOR': <TokenType.NEXT_VALUE_FOR: 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
181    class Parser(parser.Parser):
182        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
183
184        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
185        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
186
187        FUNCTIONS = {
188            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
189            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
190            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
191            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
192                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
193                this=seq_get(args, 0),
194            ),
195            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
196            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
197            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
198            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
199            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
200                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
201            ),
202            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")(
203                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
204            ),
205            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
206            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
207                this=seq_get(args, 0),
208                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
209                position=seq_get(args, 2),
210                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
211                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
212                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
213                else None,
214            ),
215            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
216                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
217                this=seq_get(args, 0),
218                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
219            ),
220            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
221            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
222            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
223            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
224            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
225        }
226
227        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
228            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
229            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
230        }
231        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
232
233        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
234            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
235            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
236        }
237
238        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
239            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
240            TokenType.TABLE,
241        }
242
243        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
244            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
245            TokenType.VALUES,
246        }
247
248        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
249            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
250            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
251                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
252            ),
253            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
254        }
255
256        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
257            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
258            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
259        }
260
261        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
262            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
263
264            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
265            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
266                table_name = this.name
267                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
268                    self._advance(2)
269                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
270
271                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
272
273            return this
274
275        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
276            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
277            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
278                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
279                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
280                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
281                )
282
283                if rest and this:
284                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
285
286                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
287
288            return table

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
290    class Generator(generator.Generator):
291        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
292        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
293        JOIN_HINTS = False
294        TABLE_HINTS = False
295        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
296        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
297
298        TRANSFORMS = {
299            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
300            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
301            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
302            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
303                "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", e.this, e.args.get("zone"))
304            ),
305            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
306            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
307            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
308            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
309            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
310            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
311            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
312            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
313            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
314            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
315            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
316            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
317            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
318            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
319            exp.Min: min_or_least,
320            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
321                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
322                e.this,
323                e.expression,
324                e.args.get("position"),
325                e.args.get("occurrence"),
326            ),
327            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
328            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
329                [_unqualify_unnest, transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]
330            ),
331            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
332            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
333            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
334            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
335            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
336            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
337            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
338            exp.TryCast: lambda self, e: f"SAFE_CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS {self.sql(e, 'to')})",
339            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
340            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
341            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
342            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
343            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
344            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
345            exp.Create: _create_sql,
346            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
347            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
348            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
349            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
350        }
351
352        TYPE_MAPPING = {
353            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
354            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
355            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
356            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
357            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
358            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
359            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
360            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
361            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
362            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
363            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
364            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
365            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
366            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
367            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
368            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
369            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
370            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
371            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
372            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
373            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
374        }
375
376        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
377            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
378            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
379            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
380        }
381
382        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
383        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
384            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
385            "all",
386            "and",
387            "any",
388            "array",
389            "as",
390            "asc",
391            "assert_rows_modified",
392            "at",
393            "between",
394            "by",
395            "case",
396            "cast",
397            "collate",
398            "contains",
399            "create",
400            "cross",
401            "cube",
402            "current",
403            "default",
404            "define",
405            "desc",
406            "distinct",
407            "else",
408            "end",
409            "enum",
410            "escape",
411            "except",
412            "exclude",
413            "exists",
414            "extract",
415            "false",
416            "fetch",
417            "following",
418            "for",
419            "from",
420            "full",
421            "group",
422            "grouping",
423            "groups",
424            "hash",
425            "having",
426            "if",
427            "ignore",
428            "in",
429            "inner",
430            "intersect",
431            "interval",
432            "into",
433            "is",
434            "join",
435            "lateral",
436            "left",
437            "like",
438            "limit",
439            "lookup",
440            "merge",
441            "natural",
442            "new",
443            "no",
444            "not",
445            "null",
446            "nulls",
447            "of",
448            "on",
449            "or",
450            "order",
451            "outer",
452            "over",
453            "partition",
454            "preceding",
455            "proto",
456            "qualify",
457            "range",
458            "recursive",
459            "respect",
460            "right",
461            "rollup",
462            "rows",
463            "select",
464            "set",
465            "some",
466            "struct",
467            "tablesample",
468            "then",
469            "to",
470            "treat",
471            "true",
472            "unbounded",
473            "union",
474            "unnest",
475            "using",
476            "when",
477            "where",
478            "window",
479            "with",
480            "within",
481        }
482
483        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
484            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
485            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
486                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
487
488            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
489
490        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
491            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
492
493        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
494            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
495
496        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
497            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
498
499        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
500            return self.sql(expression)
501
502        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
503            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
504                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
505            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
506
507        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
508            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
509                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
510            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
511
512        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
513            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'on', 'by', 'as', 'contains', 'rows', 'no', 'grouping', 'exclude', 'interval', 'limit', 'select', 'having', 'window', 'and', 'where', 'into', 'array', 'recursive', 'in', 'right', 'between', 'or', 'asc', 'all', 'end', 'to', 'assert_rows_modified', 'like', 'distinct', 'not', 'respect', 'set', 'cast', 'any', 'cube', 'new', 'escape', 'proto', 'is', 'lateral', 'struct', 'groups', 'true', 'union', 'order', 'tablesample', 'when', 'null', 'treat', 'preceding', 'current', 'using', 'merge', 'except', 'unnest', 'partition', 'join', 'group', 'nulls', 'collate', 'of', 'desc', 'false', 'if', 'lookup', 'else', 'range', 'rollup', 'default', 'qualify', 'from', 'cross', 'create', 'some', 'define', 'at', 'extract', 'left', 'outer', 'then', 'intersect', 'with', 'for', 'fetch', 'ignore', 'following', 'over', 'enum', 'exists', 'hash', 'unbounded', 'case', 'within', 'natural', 'full', 'inner'}
def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str:
483        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
484            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
485            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
486                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
487
488            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
490        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
491            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
493        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
494            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
496        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
497            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
499        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
500            return self.sql(expression)
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
502        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
503            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
504                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
505            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
507        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
508            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
509                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
510            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
512        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
513            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
247    @classmethod
248    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
249        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
250
251        Args:
252            text: The text to check.
253            identify:
254                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
255                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
256
257        Returns:
258            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
259        """
260        if identify is True or identify == "always":
261            return True
262
263        if identify == "safe":
264            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
265
266        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

Arguments:
  • text: The text to check.
  • identify: "always" or True: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
Returns:

Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
STRING_ESCAPE = '\\'
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
RAW_START: Optional[str] = "r'"
RAW_END: Optional[str] = "'"
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
SELECT_KINDS
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
INDEX_OFFSET
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
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