lensrender op• Data kinds: table → table
• Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.exit_pupil_samples(system, n=64, pattern='hexapolar', wavelength_um=None) -> 'dict' (to call the implementation directly, import lensrender; lensrender.exit_pupil_samples(system, n=64, pattern='hexapolar', wavelength_um=None) -> 'dict'; from the registry, opsoptics.get("exit_pupil_samples"))
• GPU: none (CPU reference implementation only)
Sample points on the exit pupil of *system* (position and radius from the paraxial trace) -> dict.
pattern="hexapolar" puts a centre point and rings of 6k points (the largest count not above *n*), each with the area of its annulus share, so the weights sum to the disc area exactly; pattern="halton" takes the Halton sequence (bases 2 and 3) in the enclosing square and keeps the points inside the disc (rejection), *n* of them, each with weight pi R^2 / n. Both are deterministic. The table has xy_mm (K, 2) in the exit-pupil plane, uv the same in units of the radius, weights_mm2 (sum = area_mm2 = pi R^2), z_mm (the plane in the lens frame), radius_mm, position_mm (last vertex to the pupil along the light), area_ratio (sum of the weights over the enclosing square (2R)^2, pi/4) and square_acceptance (for halton the fraction of the square's points that fell inside the disc, which tends to pi/4; None for hexapolar). A system whose exit pupil is at infinity (image-space telecentric) is refused.
Every optics op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):
• Units are baked into the argument name — _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad. Confusing mm with µm does not crash; it yields a plausible-looking wrong answer, so the name prevents it. Nothing here guesses the unit from the magnitude.
• Strings raise ValueError — float('50') succeeds, so an unparsed configuration value would slip through as a length (measured: thin_lens('50', '200') returned a plausible 66.667 mm). bool is refused too, as the implicit promotion True == 1.
• complex / masked arrays raise ValueError (real-valued slots only; silently dropping the imaginary part or peeling off the mask is refused). NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input.
• Division by zero and its relatives are refused by name: focal length 0, radius of curvature 0, refractive index <= 0, a fully opaque aperture (all zeros, so the normalisation is 0/0), a PSF whose sum is <= 0, a Stokes vector with S0 = 0, and an object sitting at the front focal point (the image is at infinity).
• Only two ops return a non-finite value, and both state it as a contract: depth_of_field returns far_mm = inf beyond the hyperfocal distance (that is what the hyperfocal distance means), and gaussian_beam returns wavefront_radius_mm = inf at the waist (the radius of curvature of a plane wavefront). Both also return a finite companion (far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm). Any other silent NaN/Inf is detected internally and raises ValueError — "float64 overflowed" and "the answer is infinite" are different claims, so the first is never returned wearing the face of the second.
• Size caps: generated grids are capped by optics.MAX_GRID (4096); supplied fields/PSFs/apertures by optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS (2^24); ABCD element chains by optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS (1024); Zernike by MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS (512) / MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER (40) / MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS (2^25). This closes, fail-closed, the paths where a small argument triggers a huge internal allocation (measured: n_max=40 × 4096² needs 108 GB).
• Physically impossible states are refused too: a Stokes vector with degree of polarisation > 1, negative transmittance, negative intensity, and invalid Zernike indices such as n-|m| odd.
• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).
• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.
• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.
• poc_photograph_through_prescription — py -3.11 examples/poc_photograph_through_prescription.py
table as input)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
lensrender)lens_scene · trace_sensor_rays · scene_radiance · render_scene_through_lens · bokeh_shape · render_ghost_overlay · render_compare_prescriptions
*Provenance: lensrender.py — OPTICS operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.