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sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

   1from __future__ import annotations
   2
   3import typing as t
   4
   5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
   6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
   7    Dialect,
   8    NormalizationStrategy,
   9    binary_from_function,
  10    build_default_decimal_type,
  11    date_delta_sql,
  12    date_trunc_to_time,
  13    datestrtodate_sql,
  14    build_formatted_time,
  15    if_sql,
  16    inline_array_sql,
  17    max_or_greatest,
  18    min_or_least,
  19    rename_func,
  20    timestamptrunc_sql,
  21    timestrtotime_sql,
  22    var_map_sql,
  23)
  24from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
  25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
  26
  27if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
  28    from sqlglot._typing import E
  29
  30
  31# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
  32def _build_datetime(
  33    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
  34) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
  35    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
  36        value = seq_get(args, 0)
  37        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
  38
  39        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
  40            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
  41            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
  42                return exp.cast(value, kind)
  43
  44            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
  45            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
  46            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
  47                if int_value:
  48                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
  49                if not is_float(value.this):
  50                    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
  51
  52        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
  53            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
  54            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
  55            return formatted_exp
  56
  57        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
  58
  59    return _builder
  60
  61
  62def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
  63    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
  64
  65    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
  66        return expression
  67
  68    return exp.Struct(
  69        expressions=[
  70            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
  71        ]
  72    )
  73
  74
  75def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
  76    return exp.DateDiff(
  77        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
  78    )
  79
  80
  81def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
  82    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
  83        return expr_type(
  84            this=seq_get(args, 2),
  85            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
  86            unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
  87        )
  88
  89    return _builder
  90
  91
  92# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
  93def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
  94    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
  95    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
  96    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
  97    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
  98
  99
 100# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 101def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 102    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
 103    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 104
 105
 106# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 107def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 108    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
 109    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 110
 111
 112def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
 113    flag = expression.text("flag")
 114
 115    if "i" not in flag:
 116        flag += "i"
 117
 118    return self.func(
 119        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
 120    )
 121
 122
 123def _build_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
 124    if len(args) == 3:
 125        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
 126    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
 127
 128
 129def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
 130    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
 131
 132    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
 133        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
 134
 135    return regexp_replace
 136
 137
 138def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
 139    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
 140        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
 141
 142    return _parse
 143
 144
 145DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
 146    "Y": "YEAR",
 147    "YY": "YEAR",
 148    "YYY": "YEAR",
 149    "YYYY": "YEAR",
 150    "YR": "YEAR",
 151    "YEARS": "YEAR",
 152    "YRS": "YEAR",
 153    "MM": "MONTH",
 154    "MON": "MONTH",
 155    "MONS": "MONTH",
 156    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
 157    "D": "DAY",
 158    "DD": "DAY",
 159    "DAYS": "DAY",
 160    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
 161    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
 162    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
 163    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
 164    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 165    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 166    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 167    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
 168    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
 169    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
 170    "W": "WEEK",
 171    "WK": "WEEK",
 172    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
 173    "WOY": "WEEK",
 174    "WY": "WEEK",
 175    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
 176    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
 177    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
 178    "Q": "QUARTER",
 179    "QTR": "QUARTER",
 180    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
 181    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
 182    "H": "HOUR",
 183    "HH": "HOUR",
 184    "HR": "HOUR",
 185    "HOURS": "HOUR",
 186    "HRS": "HOUR",
 187    "M": "MINUTE",
 188    "MI": "MINUTE",
 189    "MIN": "MINUTE",
 190    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
 191    "MINS": "MINUTE",
 192    "S": "SECOND",
 193    "SEC": "SECOND",
 194    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
 195    "SECS": "SECOND",
 196    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
 197    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
 198    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
 199    "US": "MICROSECOND",
 200    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
 201    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
 202    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
 203    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
 204    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
 205    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
 206    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
 207    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
 208    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
 209    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
 210    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
 211    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
 212    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
 213    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
 214    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
 215}
 216
 217
 218@t.overload
 219def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
 220    pass
 221
 222
 223@t.overload
 224def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 225    pass
 226
 227
 228def _map_date_part(part):
 229    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
 230    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
 231
 232
 233def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
 234    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
 235    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
 236    return trunc
 237
 238
 239def _build_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
 240    if len(args) == 2:
 241        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
 242        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
 243        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
 244
 245    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
 246
 247
 248def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 249    """
 250    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
 251    so we need to unqualify them.
 252
 253    Example:
 254        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
 255        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
 256        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
 257        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
 258    """
 259    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
 260        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
 261
 262    return expression
 263
 264
 265def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 266    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
 267
 268    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
 269        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
 270            expression.set("expressions", None)
 271        return expression
 272
 273    props = expression.args.get("properties")
 274    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
 275        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
 276            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
 277                column_type = schema_expression.kind
 278                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
 279                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
 280
 281    return expression
 282
 283
 284class Snowflake(Dialect):
 285    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 286    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 287    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 288    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 289    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 290    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 291    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 292    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 293    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 294
 295    TIME_MAPPING = {
 296        "YYYY": "%Y",
 297        "yyyy": "%Y",
 298        "YY": "%y",
 299        "yy": "%y",
 300        "MMMM": "%B",
 301        "mmmm": "%B",
 302        "MON": "%b",
 303        "mon": "%b",
 304        "MM": "%m",
 305        "mm": "%m",
 306        "DD": "%d",
 307        "dd": "%-d",
 308        "DY": "%a",
 309        "dy": "%w",
 310        "HH24": "%H",
 311        "hh24": "%H",
 312        "HH12": "%I",
 313        "hh12": "%I",
 314        "MI": "%M",
 315        "mi": "%M",
 316        "SS": "%S",
 317        "ss": "%S",
 318        "FF": "%f",
 319        "ff": "%f",
 320        "FF6": "%f",
 321        "ff6": "%f",
 322    }
 323
 324    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 325        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 326        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 327        if (
 328            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 329            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 330            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 331        ):
 332            return expression  # type: ignore
 333
 334        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 335
 336    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 337        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 338        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 339        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
 340
 341        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 342            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 343            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 344        }
 345
 346        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 348
 349        FUNCTIONS = {
 350            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 351            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 352            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
 353            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
 354            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 355                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 356            ),
 357            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 358                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 359                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 360                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 361                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 362            ),
 363            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 364            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 365            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
 366            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
 367            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 368            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 369            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 370            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 371            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 372            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 373            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 374                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 375            ),
 376            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 377            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 378                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 379            ),
 380            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
 381            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
 382                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
 383            ),
 384            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 385            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 386            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 387            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
 388            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 389            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 390            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 391            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 392            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 393            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 394            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
 395            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
 396            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 397            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 398            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 399                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 400                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 401                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 402                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 403            ),
 404            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 405            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 406            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 409            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 410            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 411        }
 412
 413        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 414            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 415            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 416            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 417        }
 418        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 419
 420        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 421
 422        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 423            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 424            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 425            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 426        }
 427
 428        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 429            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 430            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 431                exp.Set,
 432                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 433                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 434                unset=True,
 435            ),
 436            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
 437        }
 438
 439        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 440            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 441            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 442        }
 443
 444        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 445            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 446            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 447        }
 448
 449        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
 450            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 451            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 452        }
 453
 454        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 455            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 456            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 457            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 458            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 459            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 460            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 461            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 462            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 463            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 464            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 465            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 466            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 467            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 468            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 469            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 470            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 471            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 472            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 473            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 474        }
 475
 476        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 477            TokenType.DOT,
 478            TokenType.MOD,
 479            TokenType.SLASH,
 480        }
 481
 482        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 483
 484        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 485
 486        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
 487
 488        LAMBDAS = {
 489            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
 490            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
 491                exp.Lambda,
 492                this=self._replace_lambda(
 493                    self._parse_conjunction(),
 494                    expressions,
 495                ),
 496                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
 497            ),
 498        }
 499
 500        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 501            expression = super()._parse_create()
 502            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
 503                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 504                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 505
 506            return expression
 507
 508        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 509        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 510        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 511            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 512
 513            if not this:
 514                return None
 515
 516            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 517            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 518            this = _map_date_part(this)
 519            name = this.name.upper()
 520
 521            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 522                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 523                    scale = 10**3
 524                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 525                    scale = 10**6
 526                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 527                    scale = 10**9
 528                else:
 529                    scale = None
 530
 531                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 532                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 533
 534                if scale:
 535                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 536
 537                return to_unix
 538
 539            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 540
 541        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 542            if is_map:
 543                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 544                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 545                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 546                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 547
 548            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
 549
 550        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 551            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 552            if not lateral:
 553                return lateral
 554
 555            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 556                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 557                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 558                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 559                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 560                elif not table_alias:
 561                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 562
 563            return lateral
 564
 565        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
 566            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
 567            index = self._index
 568            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
 569                this = self._prev.text.upper()
 570                kind = (
 571                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 572                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
 573                    and self._prev.text.upper()
 574                )
 575                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
 576
 577                if expression:
 578                    self._match_r_paren()
 579                    when = self.expression(
 580                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
 581                    )
 582                    table.set("when", when)
 583                else:
 584                    self._retreat(index)
 585
 586            return table
 587
 588        def _parse_table_parts(
 589            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 590        ) -> exp.Table:
 591            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 592            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 593                table = self._parse_string()
 594            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 595                table = self._parse_location_path()
 596            else:
 597                table = None
 598
 599            if table:
 600                file_format = None
 601                pattern = None
 602
 603                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 604                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 605                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 606                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 607                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 608                        )
 609                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 610                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 611                    else:
 612                        break
 613
 614                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 615
 616                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 617            else:
 618                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 619
 620            return self._parse_at_before(table)
 621
 622        def _parse_id_var(
 623            self,
 624            any_token: bool = True,
 625            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 626        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 627            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 628                identifier = (
 629                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 630                    or self._parse_string()
 631                )
 632                self._match_r_paren()
 633                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 634
 635            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 636
 637        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 638            scope = None
 639            scope_kind = None
 640
 641            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 642            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 643            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 644
 645            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 646
 647            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 648
 649            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 650                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 651                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 652                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 653                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 654                    if self._curr:
 655                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 656                elif self._curr:
 657                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 658                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 659
 660            return self.expression(
 661                exp.Show,
 662                **{
 663                    "terse": terse,
 664                    "this": this,
 665                    "history": history,
 666                    "like": like,
 667                    "scope": scope,
 668                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 669                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 670                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 671                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 672                },
 673            )
 674
 675        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
 676            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
 677            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
 678
 679        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 680            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 681            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 682
 683        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 684            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 685            return (
 686                self._parse_select(table=True)
 687                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 688                else self._parse_table_parts()
 689            )
 690
 691        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 692            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 693
 694            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 695            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 696            # in case of subqueries
 697            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 698                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 699            ):
 700                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 701
 702            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 703
 704        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 705            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
 706
 707            if not this:
 708                return this
 709
 710            typ = self._parse_types()
 711
 712            if typ:
 713                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
 714
 715            return this
 716
 717    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 718        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 719        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 720        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 721        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 722
 723        KEYWORDS = {
 724            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 725            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 726            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 727            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 728            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 729            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 730            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 731            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 732            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 733            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 734            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 735            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 736            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 737            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 738            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 739            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 740            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 741            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 742            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 743            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 744            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 745            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
 746            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
 747        }
 748
 749        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 750            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 751            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 752        }
 753
 754        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 755
 756        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 757
 758    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 759        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 760        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 761        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 762        JOIN_HINTS = False
 763        TABLE_HINTS = False
 764        QUERY_HINTS = False
 765        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 766        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 767        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 768        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 769        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 770        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 771        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 772        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 773        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 774        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 775
 776        TRANSFORMS = {
 777            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 778            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 779            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 780            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 781            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 782            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 783            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 784            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 785                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 786            ),
 787            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 788            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 789            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 790            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 791            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 792            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 793            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 794            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 795            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 796            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 797            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 798                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 799            ),
 800            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 801                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 802            ),
 803            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 804            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 805            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 806            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 807                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 808            ),
 809            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 810            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 811            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 812            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 813            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 814            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 815            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 816            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 817            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 818                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 819            ),
 820            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 821                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 822            ),
 823            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 824            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 825            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 826            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 827                [
 828                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 829                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 830                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 831                ]
 832            ),
 833            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 834            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 835            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 836            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 837                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 838            ),
 839            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 840            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 841            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 842            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 843                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 844            ),
 845            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 846            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 847            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 848                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 849            ),
 850            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 851            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 852            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 853            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 854            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 855            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 856            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 857                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 858            ),
 859            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 860            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 861            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 862            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 863        }
 864
 865        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 866            exp.JSONPathKey,
 867            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 868            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 869        }
 870
 871        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 872            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 873            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 874            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 875        }
 876
 877        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 878            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 879            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 880            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 881        }
 882
 883        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 884            exp.Map,
 885            exp.StarMap,
 886            exp.Struct,
 887            exp.VarMap,
 888        }
 889
 890        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 891            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 892
 893        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 894            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 895                values_as_table = False
 896
 897            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 898
 899        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 900            expressions = expression.expressions
 901            if (
 902                expressions
 903                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 904                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 905            ):
 906                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 907                return "OBJECT"
 908
 909            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 910
 911        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 912            return self.func(
 913                "TO_NUMBER",
 914                expression.this,
 915                expression.args.get("format"),
 916                expression.args.get("precision"),
 917                expression.args.get("scale"),
 918            )
 919
 920        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 921            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 922            if milli is not None:
 923                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 924                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 925
 926            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 927
 928        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 929            value = expression.this
 930
 931            if value.type is None:
 932                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 933
 934                value = annotate_types(value)
 935
 936            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 937                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 938
 939            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 940            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 941
 942        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 943            if not expression.expression:
 944                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 945
 946            return super().log_sql(expression)
 947
 948        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 949            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 950            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 951
 952            columns = [
 953                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 954                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 955                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 956                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 957                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 958                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 959                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 960            ]
 961
 962            if unnest_alias:
 963                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 964            else:
 965                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 966
 967            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 968            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 969            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 970            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 971
 972        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 973            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 974            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 975            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 976            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 977
 978            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 979            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 980
 981            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 982            if scope_kind:
 983                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 984
 985            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 986            if starts_with:
 987                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 988
 989            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 990
 991            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 992            if from_:
 993                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 994
 995            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 996
 997        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 998            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 999            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
1000            group = expression.args.get("group")
1001            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1002            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1003            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1004
1005            return self.func(
1006                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1007                expression.this,
1008                expression.expression,
1009                position,
1010                occurrence,
1011                parameters,
1012                group,
1013            )
1014
1015        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
1016            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1017                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1018            return super().except_op(expression)
1019
1020        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
1021            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1022                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1023            return super().intersect_op(expression)
1024
1025        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1026            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1027            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1028            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1029            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1030            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1031            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1032            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1033
1034        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1035            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1036        ) -> str:
1037            start = expression.args.get("start")
1038            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1039            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1040            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1041            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1042
1043        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
1044            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1045            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
1046
1047        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1048            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1049
1050        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1051            keys = []
1052            values = []
1053
1054            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1055                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1056                    keys.append(
1057                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1058                    )
1059                    values.append(e.expression)
1060                else:
1061                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1062                    values.append(e)
1063
1064            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1065
1066        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1067            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1068                self.unsupported(
1069                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1070                )
1071
1072            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1073
1074        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1075            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1076            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1077            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1078            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1079            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1080            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1081            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1082            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1083
1084            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
 285class Snowflake(Dialect):
 286    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 287    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 288    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 289    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 290    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 291    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 292    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 293    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 294    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 295
 296    TIME_MAPPING = {
 297        "YYYY": "%Y",
 298        "yyyy": "%Y",
 299        "YY": "%y",
 300        "yy": "%y",
 301        "MMMM": "%B",
 302        "mmmm": "%B",
 303        "MON": "%b",
 304        "mon": "%b",
 305        "MM": "%m",
 306        "mm": "%m",
 307        "DD": "%d",
 308        "dd": "%-d",
 309        "DY": "%a",
 310        "dy": "%w",
 311        "HH24": "%H",
 312        "hh24": "%H",
 313        "HH12": "%I",
 314        "hh12": "%I",
 315        "MI": "%M",
 316        "mi": "%M",
 317        "SS": "%S",
 318        "ss": "%S",
 319        "FF": "%f",
 320        "ff": "%f",
 321        "FF6": "%f",
 322        "ff6": "%f",
 323    }
 324
 325    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 326        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 327        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 328        if (
 329            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 330            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 331            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 332        ):
 333            return expression  # type: ignore
 334
 335        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 336
 337    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 338        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 339        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 340        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
 341
 342        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 343            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 344            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 345        }
 346
 347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 348        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 349
 350        FUNCTIONS = {
 351            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 352            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 353            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
 354            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
 355            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 356                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 357            ),
 358            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 359                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 360                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 361                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 362                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 363            ),
 364            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 365            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 366            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
 367            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
 368            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 369            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 370            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 371            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 372            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 373            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 374            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 375                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 376            ),
 377            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 378            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 379                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 380            ),
 381            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
 382            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
 383                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
 384            ),
 385            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 386            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 387            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 388            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
 389            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 390            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 391            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 392            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 393            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 394            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 395            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
 396            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
 397            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 398            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 399            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 400                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 401                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 402                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 403                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 404            ),
 405            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 406            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 409            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 410            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 411            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 412        }
 413
 414        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 415            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 416            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 417            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 418        }
 419        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 420
 421        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 422
 423        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 424            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 425            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 426            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 427        }
 428
 429        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 430            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 431            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 432                exp.Set,
 433                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 434                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 435                unset=True,
 436            ),
 437            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
 438        }
 439
 440        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 441            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 442            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 443        }
 444
 445        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 446            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 447            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 448        }
 449
 450        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
 451            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 452            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 453        }
 454
 455        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 456            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 457            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 458            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 459            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 460            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 461            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 462            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 463            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 464            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 465            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 466            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 467            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 468            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 469            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 470            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 471            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 472            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 473            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 474            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 475        }
 476
 477        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 478            TokenType.DOT,
 479            TokenType.MOD,
 480            TokenType.SLASH,
 481        }
 482
 483        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 484
 485        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 486
 487        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
 488
 489        LAMBDAS = {
 490            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
 491            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
 492                exp.Lambda,
 493                this=self._replace_lambda(
 494                    self._parse_conjunction(),
 495                    expressions,
 496                ),
 497                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
 498            ),
 499        }
 500
 501        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 502            expression = super()._parse_create()
 503            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
 504                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 505                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 506
 507            return expression
 508
 509        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 510        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 511        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 512            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 513
 514            if not this:
 515                return None
 516
 517            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 518            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 519            this = _map_date_part(this)
 520            name = this.name.upper()
 521
 522            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 523                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 524                    scale = 10**3
 525                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 526                    scale = 10**6
 527                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 528                    scale = 10**9
 529                else:
 530                    scale = None
 531
 532                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 533                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 534
 535                if scale:
 536                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 537
 538                return to_unix
 539
 540            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 541
 542        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 543            if is_map:
 544                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 545                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 546                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 547                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 548
 549            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
 550
 551        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 552            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 553            if not lateral:
 554                return lateral
 555
 556            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 557                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 558                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 559                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 560                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 561                elif not table_alias:
 562                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 563
 564            return lateral
 565
 566        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
 567            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
 568            index = self._index
 569            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
 570                this = self._prev.text.upper()
 571                kind = (
 572                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 573                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
 574                    and self._prev.text.upper()
 575                )
 576                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
 577
 578                if expression:
 579                    self._match_r_paren()
 580                    when = self.expression(
 581                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
 582                    )
 583                    table.set("when", when)
 584                else:
 585                    self._retreat(index)
 586
 587            return table
 588
 589        def _parse_table_parts(
 590            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 591        ) -> exp.Table:
 592            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 593            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 594                table = self._parse_string()
 595            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 596                table = self._parse_location_path()
 597            else:
 598                table = None
 599
 600            if table:
 601                file_format = None
 602                pattern = None
 603
 604                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 605                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 606                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 607                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 608                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 609                        )
 610                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 611                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 612                    else:
 613                        break
 614
 615                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 616
 617                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 618            else:
 619                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 620
 621            return self._parse_at_before(table)
 622
 623        def _parse_id_var(
 624            self,
 625            any_token: bool = True,
 626            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 627        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 628            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 629                identifier = (
 630                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 631                    or self._parse_string()
 632                )
 633                self._match_r_paren()
 634                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 635
 636            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 637
 638        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 639            scope = None
 640            scope_kind = None
 641
 642            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 643            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 644            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 645
 646            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 647
 648            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 649
 650            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 651                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 652                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 653                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 654                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 655                    if self._curr:
 656                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 657                elif self._curr:
 658                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 659                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 660
 661            return self.expression(
 662                exp.Show,
 663                **{
 664                    "terse": terse,
 665                    "this": this,
 666                    "history": history,
 667                    "like": like,
 668                    "scope": scope,
 669                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 670                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 671                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 672                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 673                },
 674            )
 675
 676        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
 677            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
 678            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
 679
 680        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 681            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 682            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 683
 684        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 685            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 686            return (
 687                self._parse_select(table=True)
 688                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 689                else self._parse_table_parts()
 690            )
 691
 692        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 693            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 694
 695            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 696            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 697            # in case of subqueries
 698            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 699                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 700            ):
 701                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 702
 703            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 704
 705        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 706            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
 707
 708            if not this:
 709                return this
 710
 711            typ = self._parse_types()
 712
 713            if typ:
 714                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
 715
 716            return this
 717
 718    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 719        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 720        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 721        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 722        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 723
 724        KEYWORDS = {
 725            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 726            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 727            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 728            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 729            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 730            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 731            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 732            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 733            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 734            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 735            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 736            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 737            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 738            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 739            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 740            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 741            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 742            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 743            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 744            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 745            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 746            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
 747            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
 748        }
 749
 750        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 751            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 752            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 753        }
 754
 755        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 756
 757        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 758
 759    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 760        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 761        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 762        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 763        JOIN_HINTS = False
 764        TABLE_HINTS = False
 765        QUERY_HINTS = False
 766        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 767        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 768        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 769        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 770        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 771        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 772        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 773        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 774        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 775        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 776
 777        TRANSFORMS = {
 778            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 779            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 780            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 781            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 782            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 783            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 784            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 785            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 786                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 787            ),
 788            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 789            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 790            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 791            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 792            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 793            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 794            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 795            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 796            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 797            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 798            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 799                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 800            ),
 801            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 802                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 803            ),
 804            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 805            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 806            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 807            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 808                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 809            ),
 810            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 811            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 812            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 813            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 814            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 815            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 816            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 817            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 818            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 819                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 820            ),
 821            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 822                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 823            ),
 824            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 825            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 826            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 827            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 828                [
 829                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 830                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 831                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 832                ]
 833            ),
 834            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 835            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 836            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 837            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 838                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 839            ),
 840            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 841            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 842            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 843            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 844                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 845            ),
 846            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 847            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 848            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 849                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 850            ),
 851            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 852            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 853            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 854            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 855            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 856            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 857            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 858                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 859            ),
 860            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 861            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 862            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 863            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 864        }
 865
 866        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 867            exp.JSONPathKey,
 868            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 869            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 870        }
 871
 872        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 873            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 874            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 875            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 876        }
 877
 878        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 879            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 880            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 881            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 882        }
 883
 884        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 885            exp.Map,
 886            exp.StarMap,
 887            exp.Struct,
 888            exp.VarMap,
 889        }
 890
 891        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 892            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 893
 894        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 895            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 896                values_as_table = False
 897
 898            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 899
 900        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 901            expressions = expression.expressions
 902            if (
 903                expressions
 904                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 905                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 906            ):
 907                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 908                return "OBJECT"
 909
 910            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 911
 912        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 913            return self.func(
 914                "TO_NUMBER",
 915                expression.this,
 916                expression.args.get("format"),
 917                expression.args.get("precision"),
 918                expression.args.get("scale"),
 919            )
 920
 921        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 922            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 923            if milli is not None:
 924                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 925                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 926
 927            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 928
 929        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 930            value = expression.this
 931
 932            if value.type is None:
 933                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 934
 935                value = annotate_types(value)
 936
 937            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 938                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 939
 940            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 941            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 942
 943        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 944            if not expression.expression:
 945                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 946
 947            return super().log_sql(expression)
 948
 949        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 950            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 951            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 952
 953            columns = [
 954                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 955                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 956                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 957                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 958                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 959                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 960                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 961            ]
 962
 963            if unnest_alias:
 964                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 965            else:
 966                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 967
 968            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 969            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 970            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 971            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 972
 973        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 974            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 975            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 976            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 977            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 978
 979            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 980            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 981
 982            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 983            if scope_kind:
 984                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 985
 986            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 987            if starts_with:
 988                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 989
 990            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 991
 992            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 993            if from_:
 994                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 995
 996            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 997
 998        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 999            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
1000            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
1001            group = expression.args.get("group")
1002            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1003            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1004            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1005
1006            return self.func(
1007                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1008                expression.this,
1009                expression.expression,
1010                position,
1011                occurrence,
1012                parameters,
1013                group,
1014            )
1015
1016        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
1017            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1018                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1019            return super().except_op(expression)
1020
1021        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
1022            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1023                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1024            return super().intersect_op(expression)
1025
1026        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1027            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1028            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1029            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1030            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1031            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1032            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1033            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1034
1035        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1036            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1037        ) -> str:
1038            start = expression.args.get("start")
1039            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1040            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1041            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1042            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1043
1044        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
1045            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1046            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
1047
1048        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1049            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1050
1051        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1052            keys = []
1053            values = []
1054
1055            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1056                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1057                    keys.append(
1058                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1059                    )
1060                    values.append(e.expression)
1061                else:
1062                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1063                    values.append(e)
1064
1065            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1066
1067        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1068            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1069                self.unsupported(
1070                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1071                )
1072
1073            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1074
1075        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1076            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1077            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1078            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1079            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1080            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1081            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1082            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1083            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1084
1085            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

will be rewritten as

WITH y(c) AS (
    SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
) SELECT c FROM y;
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E:
325    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
326        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
327        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
328        if (
329            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
330            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
331            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
332        ):
333            return expression  # type: ignore
334
335        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

Arguments:
  • expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an Identifier, this method is a no-op.
  • identify: If set to False, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
337    class Parser(parser.Parser):
338        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
339        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
340        COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
341
342        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
343            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
344            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
345        }
346
347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
348        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
349
350        FUNCTIONS = {
351            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
352            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
353            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
354            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
355            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
356                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
357            ),
358            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
359                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
360                start=seq_get(args, 0),
361                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
362                step=seq_get(args, 2),
363            ),
364            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
365            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
366            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
367            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
368            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
369            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
370            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
371            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
372            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
373            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
374            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
375                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
376            ),
377            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
378            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
379                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
380            ),
381            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
382            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
383                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
384            ),
385            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
386            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
387            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
388            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
389            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
390            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
391            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
392            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
393            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
394            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
395            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
396            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
397            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
398            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
399            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
400                this=seq_get(args, 0),
401                format=seq_get(args, 1),
402                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
403                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
404            ),
405            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
406            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
409            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
410            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
411            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
412        }
413
414        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
415            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
416            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
417            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
418        }
419        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
420
421        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
422
423        RANGE_PARSERS = {
424            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
425            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
426            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
427        }
428
429        ALTER_PARSERS = {
430            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
431            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
432                exp.Set,
433                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
434                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
435                unset=True,
436            ),
437            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
438        }
439
440        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
441            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
442            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
443        }
444
445        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
446            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
447            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
448        }
449
450        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
451            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
452            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
453        }
454
455        SHOW_PARSERS = {
456            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
457            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
458            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
459            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
460            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
461            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
462            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
463            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
464            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
465            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
466            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
467            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
468            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
469            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
470            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
471            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
472            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
473            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
474            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
475        }
476
477        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
478            TokenType.DOT,
479            TokenType.MOD,
480            TokenType.SLASH,
481        }
482
483        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
484
485        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
486
487        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
488
489        LAMBDAS = {
490            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
491            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
492                exp.Lambda,
493                this=self._replace_lambda(
494                    self._parse_conjunction(),
495                    expressions,
496                ),
497                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
498            ),
499        }
500
501        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
502            expression = super()._parse_create()
503            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
504                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
505                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
506
507            return expression
508
509        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
510        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
511        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
512            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
513
514            if not this:
515                return None
516
517            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
518            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
519            this = _map_date_part(this)
520            name = this.name.upper()
521
522            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
523                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
524                    scale = 10**3
525                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
526                    scale = 10**6
527                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
528                    scale = 10**9
529                else:
530                    scale = None
531
532                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
533                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
534
535                if scale:
536                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
537
538                return to_unix
539
540            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
541
542        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
543            if is_map:
544                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
545                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
546                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
547                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
548
549            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
550
551        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
552            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
553            if not lateral:
554                return lateral
555
556            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
557                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
558                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
559                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
560                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
561                elif not table_alias:
562                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
563
564            return lateral
565
566        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
567            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
568            index = self._index
569            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
570                this = self._prev.text.upper()
571                kind = (
572                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
573                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
574                    and self._prev.text.upper()
575                )
576                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
577
578                if expression:
579                    self._match_r_paren()
580                    when = self.expression(
581                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
582                    )
583                    table.set("when", when)
584                else:
585                    self._retreat(index)
586
587            return table
588
589        def _parse_table_parts(
590            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
591        ) -> exp.Table:
592            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
593            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
594                table = self._parse_string()
595            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
596                table = self._parse_location_path()
597            else:
598                table = None
599
600            if table:
601                file_format = None
602                pattern = None
603
604                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
605                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
606                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
607                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
608                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
609                        )
610                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
611                        pattern = self._parse_string()
612                    else:
613                        break
614
615                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
616
617                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
618            else:
619                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
620
621            return self._parse_at_before(table)
622
623        def _parse_id_var(
624            self,
625            any_token: bool = True,
626            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
627        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
628            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
629                identifier = (
630                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
631                    or self._parse_string()
632                )
633                self._match_r_paren()
634                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
635
636            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
637
638        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
639            scope = None
640            scope_kind = None
641
642            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
643            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
644            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
645
646            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
647
648            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
649
650            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
651                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
652                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
653                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
654                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
655                    if self._curr:
656                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
657                elif self._curr:
658                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
659                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
660
661            return self.expression(
662                exp.Show,
663                **{
664                    "terse": terse,
665                    "this": this,
666                    "history": history,
667                    "like": like,
668                    "scope": scope,
669                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
670                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
671                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
672                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
673                },
674            )
675
676        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
677            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
678            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
679
680        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
681            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
682            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
683
684        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
685            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
686            return (
687                self._parse_select(table=True)
688                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
689                else self._parse_table_parts()
690            )
691
692        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
693            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
694
695            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
696            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
697            # in case of subqueries
698            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
699                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
700            ):
701                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
702
703            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
704
705        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
706            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
707
708            if not this:
709                return this
710
711            typ = self._parse_types()
712
713            if typ:
714                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
715
716            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _build_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTER = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'VIEWS', 'OBJECTS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'IMPORTED KEYS', 'TABLES', 'SEQUENCES'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'STREAMLIT', 'WAREHOUSE', 'TAG', 'STORAGE INTEGRATION'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
UNION_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
718    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
719        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
720        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
721        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
722        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
723
724        KEYWORDS = {
725            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
726            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
727            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
728            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
729            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
730            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
731            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
732            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
733            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
734            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
735            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
736            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
737            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
738            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
739            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
740            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
741            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
742            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
743            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
744            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
745            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
746            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
747            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
748        }
749
750        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
751            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
752            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
753        }
754
755        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
756
757        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}
class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
 759    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 760        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 761        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 762        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 763        JOIN_HINTS = False
 764        TABLE_HINTS = False
 765        QUERY_HINTS = False
 766        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 767        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 768        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 769        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 770        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 771        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 772        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 773        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 774        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 775        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 776
 777        TRANSFORMS = {
 778            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 779            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 780            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 781            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 782            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 783            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 784            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 785            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 786                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 787            ),
 788            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 789            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 790            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 791            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 792            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 793            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 794            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 795            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 796            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 797            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 798            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 799                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 800            ),
 801            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 802                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 803            ),
 804            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 805            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 806            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 807            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 808                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 809            ),
 810            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 811            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 812            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 813            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 814            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 815            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 816            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 817            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 818            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 819                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 820            ),
 821            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 822                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 823            ),
 824            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 825            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 826            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 827            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 828                [
 829                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 830                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 831                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 832                ]
 833            ),
 834            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 835            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 836            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 837            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 838                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 839            ),
 840            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 841            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 842            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 843            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 844                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 845            ),
 846            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 847            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 848            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 849                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 850            ),
 851            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 852            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 853            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 854            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 855            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 856            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 857            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 858                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 859            ),
 860            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 861            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 862            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 863            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 864        }
 865
 866        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 867            exp.JSONPathKey,
 868            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 869            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 870        }
 871
 872        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 873            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 874            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 875            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 876        }
 877
 878        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 879            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 880            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 881            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 882        }
 883
 884        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 885            exp.Map,
 886            exp.StarMap,
 887            exp.Struct,
 888            exp.VarMap,
 889        }
 890
 891        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 892            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 893
 894        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 895            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 896                values_as_table = False
 897
 898            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 899
 900        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 901            expressions = expression.expressions
 902            if (
 903                expressions
 904                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 905                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 906            ):
 907                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 908                return "OBJECT"
 909
 910            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 911
 912        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 913            return self.func(
 914                "TO_NUMBER",
 915                expression.this,
 916                expression.args.get("format"),
 917                expression.args.get("precision"),
 918                expression.args.get("scale"),
 919            )
 920
 921        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 922            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 923            if milli is not None:
 924                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 925                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 926
 927            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 928
 929        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 930            value = expression.this
 931
 932            if value.type is None:
 933                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 934
 935                value = annotate_types(value)
 936
 937            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 938                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 939
 940            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 941            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 942
 943        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 944            if not expression.expression:
 945                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 946
 947            return super().log_sql(expression)
 948
 949        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 950            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 951            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 952
 953            columns = [
 954                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 955                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 956                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 957                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 958                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 959                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 960                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 961            ]
 962
 963            if unnest_alias:
 964                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 965            else:
 966                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 967
 968            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 969            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 970            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 971            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 972
 973        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 974            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 975            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 976            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 977            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 978
 979            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 980            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 981
 982            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 983            if scope_kind:
 984                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 985
 986            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 987            if starts_with:
 988                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 989
 990            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 991
 992            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 993            if from_:
 994                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 995
 996            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 997
 998        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 999            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
1000            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
1001            group = expression.args.get("group")
1002            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1003            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1004            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1005
1006            return self.func(
1007                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1008                expression.this,
1009                expression.expression,
1010                position,
1011                occurrence,
1012                parameters,
1013                group,
1014            )
1015
1016        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
1017            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1018                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1019            return super().except_op(expression)
1020
1021        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
1022            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1023                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1024            return super().intersect_op(expression)
1025
1026        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1027            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1028            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1029            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1030            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1031            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1032            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1033            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1034
1035        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1036            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1037        ) -> str:
1038            start = expression.args.get("start")
1039            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1040            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1041            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1042            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1043
1044        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
1045            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1046            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
1047
1048        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1049            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1050
1051        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1052            keys = []
1053            values = []
1054
1055            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1056                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1057                    keys.append(
1058                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1059                    )
1060                    values.append(e.expression)
1061                else:
1062                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1063                    values.append(e)
1064
1065            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1066
1067        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1068            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1069                self.unsupported(
1070                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1071                )
1072
1073            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1074
1075        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1076            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1077            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1078            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1079            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1080            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1081            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1082            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1083            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1084
1085            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
891        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
892            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
894        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
895            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
896                values_as_table = False
897
898            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str:
900        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
901            expressions = expression.expressions
902            if (
903                expressions
904                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
905                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
906            ):
907                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
908                return "OBJECT"
909
910            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str:
912        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
913            return self.func(
914                "TO_NUMBER",
915                expression.this,
916                expression.args.get("format"),
917                expression.args.get("precision"),
918                expression.args.get("scale"),
919            )
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
921        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
922            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
923            if milli is not None:
924                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
925                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
926
927            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
929        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
930            value = expression.this
931
932            if value.type is None:
933                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
934
935                value = annotate_types(value)
936
937            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
938                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
939
940            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
941            return self.cast_sql(expression)
def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str:
943        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
944            if not expression.expression:
945                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
946
947            return super().log_sql(expression)
def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
949        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
950            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
951            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
952
953            columns = [
954                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
955                exp.to_identifier("key"),
956                exp.to_identifier("path"),
957                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
958                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
959                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
960                exp.to_identifier("this"),
961            ]
962
963            if unnest_alias:
964                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
965            else:
966                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
967
968            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
969            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
970            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
971            return f"{explode}{alias}"
def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str:
973        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
974            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
975            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
976            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
977            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
978
979            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
980            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
981
982            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
983            if scope_kind:
984                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
985
986            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
987            if starts_with:
988                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
989
990            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
991
992            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
993            if from_:
994                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
995
996            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 998        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 999            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
1000            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
1001            group = expression.args.get("group")
1002            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1003            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1004            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1005
1006            return self.func(
1007                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1008                expression.this,
1009                expression.expression,
1010                position,
1011                occurrence,
1012                parameters,
1013                group,
1014            )
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
1016        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
1017            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1018                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1019            return super().except_op(expression)
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
1021        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
1022            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1023                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1024            return super().intersect_op(expression)
def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str:
1026        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1027            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1028            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1029            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1030            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1031            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1032            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1033            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str:
1035        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1036            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1037        ) -> str:
1038            start = expression.args.get("start")
1039            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1040            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1041            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1042            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str:
1044        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
1045            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1046            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str:
1048        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1049            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
1051        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1052            keys = []
1053            values = []
1054
1055            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1056                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1057                    keys.append(
1058                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1059                    )
1060                    values.append(e.expression)
1061                else:
1062                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1063                    values.append(e)
1064
1065            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1067        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1068            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1069                self.unsupported(
1070                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1071                )
1072
1073            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str:
1075        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1076            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1077            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1078            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1079            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1080            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1081            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1082            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1083            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1084
1085            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_UNION
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
NVL2_SUPPORTED
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
HEX_FUNC
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
dialect
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
preprocess
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
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