noncoaxial op• 数据种类:无 → table(仅由参数决定的算子 —— 不接受图像或数据输入)
• 调用: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.noncoaxial_system(elements=None, stop=None, object_mm=inf, wavelength_um=0.58756, index_object=1.0, field=(0.0, 0.0), image_mm=None, image_tilt=(0.0, 0.0), object_tilt=(0.0, 0.0))(要直接调用实现,import raytrace3d; raytrace3d.noncoaxial_system(elements=None, stop=None, object_mm=inf, wavelength_um=0.58756, index_object=1.0, field=(0.0, 0.0), image_mm=None, image_tilt=(0.0, 0.0), object_tilt=(0.0, 0.0));从台账取用则 opsoptics.get("noncoaxial_system"))
构建经过校验的非共轴序列光学系统(table)——面、坐标断点、折转、平板。
> 以下的详细说明为原文 —— 摘要与标题已翻译。
*elements* is a list of dicts ("type" defaults to "surface"), or the dict returned by raytrace.lens_system (converted exactly; its traces then equal raytrace's to 1e-12):
• {"type": "surface", "R", "t", "n", "k", "ap", "mirror", "asph", "decenter", "tilt", "coating", "beamsplitter": {"R": r, "branch": "transmit"|"reflect"}} — as in raytrace.lens_system; decenter / tilt act on that surface only. coating is used by the ghost analysis (None / "bare", a material name = a quarter-wave single layer, [(material, nm), ...] from the incident side, or {"R": r}).
• {"type": "break", "decenter": (dx, dy), "tilt": (ax, ay, az), "order": "xyz"|"zyx", "t"} — a coordinate break (decenter, then rotate about x, the new y, the new z; degrees) that moves every later surface; {"type": "break", "undo": j} is the exact inverse of break record *j*.
• {"type": "return", "to": j, "t"} — go back to the coordinate system at the entry of record *j*.
• {"type": "fold_mirror", "tilt": (ax, ay), "t", "ap", "R", "reflectance"} — a mirror tilted by (ax, ay); the axis is reflected (45° folds by 90°) and t runs along the folded axis.
• {"type": "plate", "thickness", "n", "tilt": (ax, ay), "wedge": (wx, wy), "t", "beamsplitter": r, "branch", "coating_front", "coating_back"} — a tilted plane-parallel (or wedged) plate, or a plate beamsplitter; t is measured from the front vertex along the incoming axis (transmit branch) or along the reflected axis (reflect branch).
*stop* is the record index of the aperture stop (default: the first surface); *field* is (fx, fy) (degrees for an object at infinity, mm otherwise); *image_tilt* / *object_tilt* tilt the image / object plane about the local x and y axes (degrees; Scheimpflug). The last record's t is the distance to the image plane (None = the paraxial focus along the axis ray).
Default: a singlet f ≈ 100 mm followed by a 45° fold mirror (the image lands along +y).
optics 的每个算子都先校验输入再计算(不让任何东西无声通过):
• 单位写进参数名 —— _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad。把 mm 和 µm 弄混不会崩溃,而是给出「看着合理却是错的答案」,所以用命名来防。这里绝不从数值大小去猜单位。
• 字符串一律 ValueError —— float('50') 会成功,于是未解析的配置值会被当成长度混进来(实测:thin_lens('50', '200') 曾返回看着合理的 66.667 mm)。bool 也按 True == 1 的隐式提升拒绝。
• complex / masked array 一律 ValueError(仅接受实数槽位;拒绝无声丢弃虚部或剥掉掩码)。所有输入中的 NaN/Inf 一律 ValueError。
• 逐项点名拒绝除零及其近亲:焦距 0、曲率半径 0、折射率 <= 0、全不透明光阑(全为 0,归一化变成 0/0)、总和 <= 0 的 PSF、S0 = 0 的 Stokes 矢量、物体位于前焦点(像在无穷远)。
• 只有两个算子会返回非有限值,而且都写进了契约:depth_of_field 在超焦距以外返回 far_mm = inf(这正是超焦距的定义),gaussian_beam 在束腰处返回 wavefront_radius_mm = inf(平面波前的曲率半径)。两者都同时返回一个有限的搭档(far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm)。除此之外的无声 NaN/Inf 都在内部检出并 ValueError ——「float64 溢出了」和「答案是无穷大」是两种不同的主张,不能拿后者的脸去交付前者。
• 尺寸上限:生成网格受 optics.MAX_GRID(4096)限制,传入的场/PSF/光阑受 optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS(2^24),ABCD 元件序列受 optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS(1024),Zernike 受 MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS(512)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER(40)/ MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS(2^25)。以 fail-closed 堵住「小参数引发巨大内部分配」的路径(实测:n_max=40 × 4096² 需要 108 GB)。
• 物理上不可能的状态同样拒绝:偏振度 > 1 的 Stokes 矢量、负透过率、负强度、n-|m| 为奇数等非法 Zernike 指标。
• 示例数据目录(下载 URL / 许可证) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有领域)加合成图,3-D 给出真实数据源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下载 URL。
• 算子来历与参考文献 —— 该算子族所依据的研究/方法出处。
• 算法的正典(作者、年份)与用途见上面的族使用指南。
• poc_noncoaxial_optics — py -3.11 examples/poc_noncoaxial_optics.py
table 作为输入)abcd_matrix · wavefront_stats · sfr_from_edge · paraxial_trace · seidel_coefficients · spot_stats · tolerance_analysis · wavefront_from_opd
noncoaxial)noncoaxial_example · noncoaxial_layout · noncoaxial_trace · noncoaxial_spot · image_orientation · beamsplitter_branches · tilted_plate_shift · scheimpflug_tilt
*Provenance: raytrace3d.py — OPTICS 算子登记表。本条目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自动生成(请勿手工编辑)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.