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.. _examples:

===============
Example Gallery
===============

Complete simulations. Each example states what it shows and what it does not
establish. The objects they use are documented under Core Concepts, starting
with :ref:`topics-implants`.


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="A pulse2percept simulation has three parts:">

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  .. image:: /examples/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_quickstart_thumb.png
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  :doc:`/examples/plot_quickstart`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Quickstart</div>
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   /examples/plot_quickstart


Key examples
============

Start here, in this order:

1. :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_workflows_plot_argus_video.py`: images, video,
   and encoders on an epiretinal implant.
2. :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_workflows_plot_amd_prima.py`: a photovoltaic
   implant inside a scotoma, with scenes, gaze, and both eyes.
3. :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_workflows_plot_dynaphos.py`: a cortical implant
   and phosphene dynamics over time.
4. :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_workflows_plot_data_beyeler2019.py`: model
   predictions against measured phosphene drawings.


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Simulated prosthetic vision is often drawn as one dot per electrode. [Beyeler2019]_ tested this: Argus I and II users drew what they saw during single-electrode stimulation. Phosphenes were elongated, and oriented along the retinal nerve fiber bundles (NFBs) passing under the electrode.">

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  .. image:: /examples/workflows/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_data_beyeler2019_thumb.png
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  :doc:`/examples/workflows/plot_data_beyeler2019`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Beyeler et al. (2019): Phosphenes are not pixels</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="In geographic atrophy, central vision is lost and peripheral vision remains. The subretinal photovoltaic implant PRIMAPivotal is placed inside the lesion and produces a coarse grayscale percept there.">

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  .. image:: /examples/workflows/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_amd_prima_thumb.png
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  :doc:`/examples/workflows/plot_amd_prima`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Simulating PRIMA in age-related macular degeneration</div>
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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Argus II converts each camera frame into biphasic pulses on 60 epiretinal electrodes. This example follows an image and a video through that chain::">

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  .. image:: /examples/workflows/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_argus_video_thumb.png
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  :doc:`/examples/workflows/plot_argus_video`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Argus II: images, video, and encoders</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="[vanderGrinten2023]_ models a cortical phosphene as the output of charge accumulation: stimulation drives a tissue activation trace, the trace must cross a threshold, and brightness follows it through a sigmoid. Brightness therefore rises over a few hundred ms, fades under sustained stimulation, and stays at zero for weak stimulation.">

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  .. image:: /examples/workflows/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_dynaphos_thumb.png
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  :doc:`/examples/workflows/plot_dynaphos`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">van der Grinten et al. (2023): Cortical phosphene dynamics</div>
    </div>


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Model reproductions
===================

Figures from published models, recreated against the psychophysical data they
were fit to.


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="The axon map model of [Beyeler2019]_ predicts one phosphene shape per electrode, regardless of the pulse train. [Granley2021]_ adds three scaling factors, fit to psychophysical and electrophysiological data: amplitude, frequency, and phase duration modulate brightness (F_\mathrm{bright}), spatial extent (F_\mathrm{size}, scaling \rho), and streak length (F_\mathrm{streak}, scaling \lambda).">

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  .. image:: /examples/models/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_granley2021_biphasic_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :doc:`/examples/models/plot_granley2021_biphasic`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Granley et al. (2021): Pulse parameters shape phosphene appearance</div>
    </div>


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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Detection threshold depends on how charge is delivered in time. [Horsager2009]_ measured thresholds in Argus I users while varying pulse duration and pulse-train frequency, and fit a cascade of linear filters and a nonlinearity.">

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  .. image:: /examples/models/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_horsager2009_thumb.png
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  :doc:`/examples/models/plot_horsager2009`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Horsager et al. (2009): Temporal sensitivity of the epiretinal percept</div>
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    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="[Nanduri2012]_ had Argus I users rate brightness and size while the amplitude or the frequency of a 0.45 ms cathodic-first pulse train was varied from a reference of 1.25x threshold at 20 Hz. Brightness saturated with amplitude but kept growing with frequency; size grew mainly with amplitude.">

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  .. image:: /examples/models/images/thumb/sphx_glr_plot_nanduri2012_thumb.png
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  :doc:`/examples/models/plot_nanduri2012`

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      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Nanduri et al. (2012): Amplitude and frequency are not interchangeable</div>
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.. toctree::
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   :includehidden:


   /examples/workflows/index.rst
   /examples/models/index.rst


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    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download all examples in Python source code: examples_python.zip </examples/examples_python.zip>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download all examples in Jupyter notebooks: examples_jupyter.zip </examples/examples_jupyter.zip>`


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    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_
