This module provides object representations of expressions, that is notational symbols such as Fermatas, Mordents, Trills, Turns, etc. which are stored under a Music21Object’s .expressions attribute
It also includes representations of things such as TextExpressions which are better attached to the Stream itself.
given a Music21Object with Ornament expressions, convert them into a list of objects that represents the performed version of the object:
>>> from music21 import *
>>> n1 = note.Note("D5")
>>> n1.quarterLength = 1
>>> n1.expressions.append(expressions.WholeStepMordent())
>>> expList = expressions.realizeOrnaments(n1)
>>> st1 = stream.Stream()
>>> st1.append(expList)
>>> st1.show()
Inherits from: Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer, TextFormat
A TextExpression is a word, phrase, or similar bit of text that is positioned in a Stream or Measure. Conventional expressive indications are text like “agitato” or “con fuoco.”
>>> from music21 import *
>>> te = expressions.TextExpression('testing')
>>> te.size = 24
>>> te.size
24.0
>>> te.style = 'bolditalic'
>>> te.letterSpacing = 0.5
TextExpression attributes
- classSortOrder¶
Property which returns an number (int or otherwise) depending on the class of the Music21Object that represents a priority for an object based on its class alone – used as a tie for stream sorting in case two objects have the same offset and priority. Lower numbers are sorted to the left of higher numbers. For instance, Clef, KeySignature, TimeSignature all come (in that order) before Note.
All undefined classes have classSortOrder of 20 – same as note.Note
>>> from music21 import * >>> tc = clef.TrebleClef() >>> tc.classSortOrder 0 >>> ks = key.KeySignature(3) >>> ks.classSortOrder 1New classes can define their own default classSortOrder
>>> class ExampleClass(base.Music21Object): ... classSortOrderDefault = 5 ... >>> ec1 = ExampleClass() >>> ec1.classSortOrder 5Attributes inherited from Music21Object: isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, id, groups, hideObjectOnPrint
TextExpression properties
- content¶
Get or set the the content.
>>> from music21 import * >>> te = expressions.TextExpression('testing') >>> te.content 'testing'
- enclosure¶
Get or set the the enclosure.
>>> from music21 import * >>> te = expressions.TextExpression() >>> te.justify = 'center' >>> te.enclosure = None >>> te.enclosure = 'rectangle'
- positionVertical¶
Get or set the the vertical position, where 0 is the top line of the staff and units are in 10ths of a staff space.
Other legal positions are ‘above’ and ‘below’ which are synonyms for 10 and -70 respectively (for 5-line staves; other staves are not yet implemented)
>>> from music21 import * >>> te = expressions.TextExpression() >>> te.positionVertical = 10 >>> te.positionVertical 10.0>>> te.positionVertical = 'below' >>> te.positionVertical -70.0Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
Properties inherited from TextFormat: justify, letterSpacing, size, style, weight
TextExpression methods
- getRepeatExpression()¶
If this TextExpression can be a RepeatExpression, return a new RepeatExpression. object, otherwise, return None.
- getTempoText()¶
No documentation.
Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: GeneralAppoggiatura, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Inherits from: Music21Object, JSONSerializer
This base class is inherited by many diverse expressions.
Inherits from: Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Fermatas by default get appended to the last note if a note is split because of measures. To override this (for Fermatas or for any expression) set .tieAttach to ‘all’ or ‘first’ instead of ‘last’.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> p1 = stream.Part()
>>> p1.append(meter.TimeSignature('6/8'))
>>> n1 = note.Note("D-2")
>>> n1.quarterLength = 6
>>> n1.expressions.append(expressions.Fermata())
>>> p1.append(n1)
>>> p1.show()
Fermata attributes
Attributes without Documentation: shape, tieAttach, type
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id
Fermata properties
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
Fermata methods
Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
GeneralAppoggiatura attributes
Attributes without Documentation: direction, size
Attributes inherited from Ornament: connectedToPrevious, tieAttach
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id
GeneralAppoggiatura properties
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
GeneralAppoggiatura methods
- realize(srcObject)¶
realize an appoggiatura
returns a three-element tuple. The first is the notes that the grace note was converted to. The second is the rest of the note The third is an empty list (since there are no notes at the end of an appoggiatura)
>>> from music21 import * >>> n1 = note.Note("C4") >>> n1.quarterLength = 0.5 >>> a1 = expressions.Appoggiatura() >>> a1.realize(n1) (<music21.note.Note D>, <music21.note.Note C>, []) >>> from music21 import * >>> n2 = note.Note("C4") >>> n2.quarterLength = 1 >>> a2 = expressions.HalfStepInvertedAppoggiatura() >>> a2.realize(n2) (<music21.note.Note B>, <music21.note.Note C>, [])Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Base class for all Mordent types.
GeneralMordent attributes
- size¶
An Interval class that encapsulates both Chromatic and Diatonic intervals all in one model.
The interval is specified either as named arguments, a DiatonicInterval and a ChromaticInterval, or two Note objects, from which both a ChromaticInterval and DiatonicInterval are derived.
>>> from music21 import * >>> n1 = note.Note('c3') >>> n2 = note.Note('c5') >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=n2) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P15> >>> aInterval.name 'P15'Reduce to a single octave:
>>> aInterval.simpleName 'P1'Reduce to no more than an octave:
>>> aInterval.semiSimpleName 'P8'An interval can also be specified directly
>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('m3') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m3> >>> aInterval = interval.Interval('M3') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval M3>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('p5') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5> >>> aInterval.isChromaticStep False >>> aInterval.isDiatonicStep False >>> aInterval.isStep False>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('half') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m2> >>> aInterval.isChromaticStep True >>> aInterval.isDiatonicStep True >>> aInterval.isStep True>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('-h') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m-2> >>> aInterval.directedName 'm-2' >>> aInterval.name 'm2'>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(3) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m3>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(7) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5>>>> n1 = note.Note('c3') >>> n2 = note.Note('g3') >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=n2) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=None) Traceback (most recent call last): IntervalException: either both the starting and the ending note.Note must be given or neither can be given. You cannot have one without the other.>>> aInterval = interval.DiatonicInterval('major', 'third') >>> bInterval = interval.ChromaticInterval(4) >>> cInterval = interval.Interval(diatonic=aInterval, chromatic=bInterval) >>> cInterval <music21.interval.Interval M3>>>> cInterval = interval.Interval(diatonic=aInterval, chromatic=None) Traceback (most recent call last): IntervalException: either both a DiatonicInterval and a ChromaticInterval object have to be given or neither can be given. You cannot have one without the other.Two Intervals are the same if their Chromatic and Diatonic intervals are the same. N.B. that interval.Interval(‘a4’) != ‘a4’ – maybe it should...
Attributes without Documentation: direction, quarterLength
Attributes inherited from Ornament: connectedToPrevious, tieAttach
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id
GeneralMordent properties
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
GeneralMordent methods
- realize(srcObject)¶
Realize a mordent.
returns a three-element tuple. The first is a list of the two notes that the beginning of the note were converted to. The second is the rest of the note The third is an empty list (since there are no notes at the end of a mordent)
>>> from music21 import * >>> n1 = note.Note("C4") >>> n1.quarterLength = 0.5 >>> m1 = expressions.Mordent() >>> m1.realize(n1) ([<music21.note.Note C>, <music21.note.Note B>], <music21.note.Note C>, []) >>> from music21 import * >>> n2 = note.Note("C4") >>> n2.quarterLength = 0.125 >>> m2 = expressions.GeneralMordent() >>> m2.realize(n2) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ExpressionException: Cannot realize a mordent if I do not know its directionMethods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Appoggiatura, GeneralAppoggiatura, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Inherits from: InvertedAppoggiatura, GeneralAppoggiatura, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Inherits from: InvertedMordent, GeneralMordent, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A half-step inverted Mordent.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.HalfStepInvertedMordent()
>>> m.direction
'up'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval m2>
Inherits from: Mordent, GeneralMordent, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A half step normal Mordent.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.HalfStepMordent()
>>> m.direction
'down'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval m2>
Inherits from: Trill, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A basic trill marker.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.HalfStepTrill()
>>> m.placement
'above'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval m2>
Inherits from: GeneralAppoggiatura, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Inherits from: GeneralMordent, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
An inverted Mordent.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.InvertedMordent()
>>> m.direction
'up'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval M2>
Inherits from: Turn, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Inherits from: GeneralMordent, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A normal Mordent.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.Mordent()
>>> m.direction
'down'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval M2>
Inherits from: Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Ornament attributes
Attributes without Documentation: connectedToPrevious, tieAttach
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id
Ornament properties
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
Ornament methods
- realize(sourceObject)¶
subclassible method call that takes a sourceObject and returns a three-element tuple of a list of notes before the “main note”, the “main note” itself, and a list of notes after the “main note”.
Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Schleifer attributes
- size¶
An Interval class that encapsulates both Chromatic and Diatonic intervals all in one model.
The interval is specified either as named arguments, a DiatonicInterval and a ChromaticInterval, or two Note objects, from which both a ChromaticInterval and DiatonicInterval are derived.
>>> from music21 import * >>> n1 = note.Note('c3') >>> n2 = note.Note('c5') >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=n2) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P15> >>> aInterval.name 'P15'Reduce to a single octave:
>>> aInterval.simpleName 'P1'Reduce to no more than an octave:
>>> aInterval.semiSimpleName 'P8'An interval can also be specified directly
>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('m3') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m3> >>> aInterval = interval.Interval('M3') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval M3>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('p5') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5> >>> aInterval.isChromaticStep False >>> aInterval.isDiatonicStep False >>> aInterval.isStep False>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('half') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m2> >>> aInterval.isChromaticStep True >>> aInterval.isDiatonicStep True >>> aInterval.isStep True>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('-h') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m-2> >>> aInterval.directedName 'm-2' >>> aInterval.name 'm2'>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(3) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m3>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(7) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5>>>> n1 = note.Note('c3') >>> n2 = note.Note('g3') >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=n2) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=None) Traceback (most recent call last): IntervalException: either both the starting and the ending note.Note must be given or neither can be given. You cannot have one without the other.>>> aInterval = interval.DiatonicInterval('major', 'third') >>> bInterval = interval.ChromaticInterval(4) >>> cInterval = interval.Interval(diatonic=aInterval, chromatic=bInterval) >>> cInterval <music21.interval.Interval M3>>>> cInterval = interval.Interval(diatonic=aInterval, chromatic=None) Traceback (most recent call last): IntervalException: either both a DiatonicInterval and a ChromaticInterval object have to be given or neither can be given. You cannot have one without the other.Two Intervals are the same if their Chromatic and Diatonic intervals are the same. N.B. that interval.Interval(‘a4’) != ‘a4’ – maybe it should...
Attributes without Documentation: quarterLength
Attributes inherited from Ornament: connectedToPrevious, tieAttach
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id
Schleifer properties
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
Schleifer methods
Methods inherited from Ornament: realize()
Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Trill, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Inherits from: Spanner, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A tremolo, which may be a single or multi-note spanner
Inherits from: Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A basic trill marker.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.Trill()
>>> m.placement
'above'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval M2>
Trill attributes
- size¶
An Interval class that encapsulates both Chromatic and Diatonic intervals all in one model.
The interval is specified either as named arguments, a DiatonicInterval and a ChromaticInterval, or two Note objects, from which both a ChromaticInterval and DiatonicInterval are derived.
>>> from music21 import * >>> n1 = note.Note('c3') >>> n2 = note.Note('c5') >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=n2) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P15> >>> aInterval.name 'P15'Reduce to a single octave:
>>> aInterval.simpleName 'P1'Reduce to no more than an octave:
>>> aInterval.semiSimpleName 'P8'An interval can also be specified directly
>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('m3') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m3> >>> aInterval = interval.Interval('M3') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval M3>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('p5') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5> >>> aInterval.isChromaticStep False >>> aInterval.isDiatonicStep False >>> aInterval.isStep False>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('half') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m2> >>> aInterval.isChromaticStep True >>> aInterval.isDiatonicStep True >>> aInterval.isStep True>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('-h') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m-2> >>> aInterval.directedName 'm-2' >>> aInterval.name 'm2'>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(3) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m3>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(7) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5>>>> n1 = note.Note('c3') >>> n2 = note.Note('g3') >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=n2) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=None) Traceback (most recent call last): IntervalException: either both the starting and the ending note.Note must be given or neither can be given. You cannot have one without the other.>>> aInterval = interval.DiatonicInterval('major', 'third') >>> bInterval = interval.ChromaticInterval(4) >>> cInterval = interval.Interval(diatonic=aInterval, chromatic=bInterval) >>> cInterval <music21.interval.Interval M3>>>> cInterval = interval.Interval(diatonic=aInterval, chromatic=None) Traceback (most recent call last): IntervalException: either both a DiatonicInterval and a ChromaticInterval object have to be given or neither can be given. You cannot have one without the other.Two Intervals are the same if their Chromatic and Diatonic intervals are the same. N.B. that interval.Interval(‘a4’) != ‘a4’ – maybe it should...
Attributes without Documentation: nachschlag, placement, quarterLength
Attributes inherited from Ornament: connectedToPrevious, tieAttach
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id
Trill properties
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
Trill methods
- realize(srcObject)¶
realize a trill.
returns a three-element tuple. The first is a list of the notes that the note was converted to. The second is None because the trill “eats up” the whole note. The third is a list of the notes at the end if nachschlag is True, and empty list if False.
>>> from music21 import * >>> n1 = note.Note("C4") >>> n1.quarterLength = 0.5 >>> t1 = expressions.Trill() >>> t1.realize(n1) ([<music21.note.Note C>, <music21.note.Note D>, <music21.note.Note C>, <music21.note.Note D>], None, []) >>> from music21 import * >>> n2 = note.Note("D4") >>> n2.quarterLength = 0.125 >>> t2 = expressions.Trill() >>> t2.realize(n2) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ExpressionException: The note is not long enough to realize a trillMethods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Spanner, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A wavy line trill extension, placed between two notes. Note that some MusicXML readers include a trill symbol with the wavy line.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> s.repeatAppend(note.Note(), 8)
>>> # create between notes 2 and 3
>>> te = expressions.TrillExtension(s.notes[1], s.notes[2])
>>> s.append(te) # can go anywhere in the Stream
>>> te.getDurationBySite(s).quarterLength
2.0
>>> print te
<music21.expressions.TrillExtension <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note C>>
TrillExtension attributes
Attributes inherited from Spanner: isSpanner, idLocal, completeStatus
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id
TrillExtension properties
- placement¶
Get or set the placement as either above or below.
>>> from music21 import * >>> s = stream.Stream() >>> s.repeatAppend(note.Note(), 8) >>> te = expressions.TrillExtension(s.notes[1], s.notes[2]) >>> te.placement = 'above' >>> te.placement 'above'Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
TrillExtension methods
Methods inherited from Spanner: addComponents(), freezeIds(), getComponentIds(), getComponents(), getComponentsByClass(), getDurationBySite(), getDurationSpanBySite(), getFirst(), getLast(), getOffsetSpanBySite(), getOffsetsBySite(), getSpannerStorageId(), hasComponent(), isFirst(), isLast(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), replaceComponent(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref()
Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Turn attributes
- size¶
An Interval class that encapsulates both Chromatic and Diatonic intervals all in one model.
The interval is specified either as named arguments, a DiatonicInterval and a ChromaticInterval, or two Note objects, from which both a ChromaticInterval and DiatonicInterval are derived.
>>> from music21 import * >>> n1 = note.Note('c3') >>> n2 = note.Note('c5') >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=n2) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P15> >>> aInterval.name 'P15'Reduce to a single octave:
>>> aInterval.simpleName 'P1'Reduce to no more than an octave:
>>> aInterval.semiSimpleName 'P8'An interval can also be specified directly
>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('m3') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m3> >>> aInterval = interval.Interval('M3') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval M3>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('p5') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5> >>> aInterval.isChromaticStep False >>> aInterval.isDiatonicStep False >>> aInterval.isStep False>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('half') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m2> >>> aInterval.isChromaticStep True >>> aInterval.isDiatonicStep True >>> aInterval.isStep True>>> aInterval = interval.Interval('-h') >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m-2> >>> aInterval.directedName 'm-2' >>> aInterval.name 'm2'>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(3) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval m3>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(7) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5>>>> n1 = note.Note('c3') >>> n2 = note.Note('g3') >>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=n2) >>> aInterval <music21.interval.Interval P5>>>> aInterval = interval.Interval(noteStart=n1, noteEnd=None) Traceback (most recent call last): IntervalException: either both the starting and the ending note.Note must be given or neither can be given. You cannot have one without the other.>>> aInterval = interval.DiatonicInterval('major', 'third') >>> bInterval = interval.ChromaticInterval(4) >>> cInterval = interval.Interval(diatonic=aInterval, chromatic=bInterval) >>> cInterval <music21.interval.Interval M3>>>> cInterval = interval.Interval(diatonic=aInterval, chromatic=None) Traceback (most recent call last): IntervalException: either both a DiatonicInterval and a ChromaticInterval object have to be given or neither can be given. You cannot have one without the other.Two Intervals are the same if their Chromatic and Diatonic intervals are the same. N.B. that interval.Interval(‘a4’) != ‘a4’ – maybe it should...
Attributes without Documentation: nachschlag, placement, quarterLength
Attributes inherited from Ornament: connectedToPrevious, tieAttach
Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id
Turn properties
Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds
Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json
Turn methods
- realize(srcObject)¶
realize a turn.
returns a three-element tuple. The first is a list of the four notes that the beginning of the note was converted to. The second is a note of duration 0 because the turn “eats up” the whole note. The third is a list of the notes at the end if nachschlag is True, and empty list if False.
>>> from music21 import * >>> m1 = stream.Measure() >>> m1.append(key.Key('F', 'major')) >>> n1 = note.Note("C5") >>> m1.append(n1) >>> t1 = expressions.Turn() >>> t1.realize(n1) ([], <music21.note.Note C>, [<music21.note.Note D>, <music21.note.Note C>, <music21.note.Note B->, <music21.note.Note C>]) >>> from music21 import * >>> m2 = stream.Measure() >>> m2.append(key.KeySignature(5)) >>> n2 = note.Note("B4") >>> m2.append(n2) >>> t2 = expressions.InvertedTurn() >>> t2.realize(n2) ([], <music21.note.Note B>, [<music21.note.Note A#>, <music21.note.Note B>, <music21.note.Note C#>, <music21.note.Note B>])>>> from music21 import * >>> n2 = note.Note("C4") >>> n2.quarterLength = 0.125 >>> t2 = expressions.Turn() >>> t2.realize(n2) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ExpressionException: The note is not long enough to realize a turnMethods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()
Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()
Inherits from: Appoggiatura, GeneralAppoggiatura, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Inherits from: InvertedAppoggiatura, GeneralAppoggiatura, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
Inherits from: InvertedMordent, GeneralMordent, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A whole-step inverted Mordent.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.WholeStepInvertedMordent()
>>> m.direction
'up'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval M2>
Inherits from: Mordent, GeneralMordent, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A whole step normal Mordent.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.WholeStepMordent()
>>> m.direction
'down'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval M2>
Inherits from: Trill, Ornament, Expression, Music21Object, JSONSerializer
A basic trill marker.
>>> from music21 import *
>>> m = expressions.WholeStepTrill()
>>> m.placement
'above'
>>> m.size
<music21.interval.Interval M2>