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music21.romanText.clercqTemperley

Parses the de Clercq-Temperley popular music flavor of RomanText. The Clercq-Temperley file format and additional rock corpus analysis information may be located at http://theory.esm.rochester.edu/rock_corpus/

CTSong

class music21.romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(textFile, **keywords)

This parser is an object-oriented approach to parsing clercqTemperley text files into music.

Create a CTSong object one of two ways: 1) by passing in the string, with newline characters (n) at the end of each line 2) by passing in the text file as a string, and have python open the file and read the text

exampleClercqTemperley = ‘’‘
% Brown-Eyed Girl
VP: I | IV | I | V |
In: $VP*2
Vr: $VP*4 IV | V | I | vi | IV | V | I | V | % Second part of verse could be called chorus
Ch: V | | $VP*2 I |*4
Ch2: V | | $VP*3 % Fadeout
S: [G] $In $Vr $Vr $Ch $VP $Vr $Ch2’‘’
>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(exampleClercqTemperley)
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong('C:/Brown-Eyed_Girl.txt')

When you call the .toScore() method on the newly created CTSong object, the code extracts meaningful properties (such as title, text, comments, year, rules, home time Signature, and home Key Signature) from the textfile and makes these accessible as below.

The toScore() method has two optional labeling parameters, labelRomanNumerals and labelSubsectionsOnScore. Both are set to True by default. Thus, the created score will have labels (on the chord’s lyric) for each roman numeral as well as for each section in the song (LHS). In case of a recursive definition (a rule contains a reference to another rule), both labels are printed, with the deepest reference on the smallest lyric line.

>>> s.toScore().show()
_images/ClercqTemperleyExbrown-eyed_girl.png
>>> s.title
'Brown-Eyed Girl'
>>> s.homeTimeSig
<music21.meter.TimeSignature 4/4>
>>> s.homeKeySig
<music21.key.Key of G major>
>>> s.comments
[['Vr:', 'Second part of verse could be called chorus'], ['Ch2:', 'Fadeout']]

Year is not defined as part of the clercq-temperley format, but it will be helpful to have it as a property. So let’s assign a year to this song:

>>> s.year = 1967
>>> s.year
1967

Upon calling toScore(), CTRule objects are also created. CTRule objects are the individual rules that make up the song object. For example,

>>> s.rules
[<music21.CTRule.CTRule text = VP: I | IV | I | V | , <music21.CTRule.CTRule text = In: $VP*2 , <music21.CTRule.CTRule text = Vr: $VP*4 IV | V | I | vi | IV | V | I | V |       % Second part of verse could be called chorus , <music21.CTRule.CTRule text = Ch: V | | $VP*2 I |*4  , <music21.CTRule.CTRule text = Ch2: V | | $VP*3     % Fadeout ]

The parser extracts meaningful properties to each rule, such as sectionName, home time signature of that rule, home key of that rule, and of course the individual stream from the song corresponding to the rule.

The following examples display the instantiated properties of the second rule (list indexes start at one) as created above.

>>> rule = s.rules[1]
>>> rule.text
'In: $VP*2'
>>> rule.sectionName
'Introduction'
>>> rule.homeTimeSig
<music21.meter.TimeSignature 4/4>
>>> rule.homeKeySig
<music21.key.Key of G major>
>>> rule.streamFromCTSong().show()
_images/ClercqTemperleyIntroduction.png

With this object-oriented approach to parsing the clercq-temperley text file format, we now have the ability to analyze a large corpus (200 files) of popular music using the full suite of harmonic tools of music21. We can not only analyze each song as a whole, as presented in Clercq and Temperley’s research, but we can also analyze each individual section (or rule) of a song. This may provide interesting insight into popular music beyond our current understanding.

Examples used throughout this class utilize the following Clercq-Temperley text file

BlitzkriegBopCT = ‘’‘
% Blitzkrieg Bop
BP: I | IV V | %THIS IS A COMMENT
In: $BP*3 I IV | I | $BP*3 I IV | I | R |*4 I |*4
Vr: $BP*3 I IV | I |
Br: IV | | I | IV I | IV | | ii | IV V |
Co: R |*4 I |*4
S: [A] $In $Vr $Vr $Br $Vr $Vr $Br $Vr $Vr $Co’‘’

CTSong properties

text

Get the text of the CTSong. This is the full text of the Clercq-Temperley file. This attribute is typically instantiated when the CTSong object is created, either by passing in the full string, with newline characters ( ) at the end of each line or by passing in the text file as a string, and have python do the parsing

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(BlitzkriegBopCT)
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong('C:/BlitzkriegBop.txt')
title

Get or set the title of the CTSong. If not specified explicitly but the clercq-Temperley text exists, this attribute searches first few lines of text file for title (a string preceded by a ‘%’) if found, sets title attribute to this string and returns this title)

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(BlitzkriegBopCT)
>>> s.title
'Blitzkrieg Bop'
homeTimeSig

gets the initial, or ‘home’, time signature in a song by looking at the ‘S’ substring and returning the provided time signature. If not present, returns a default music21 time signature of 4/4

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(BlitzkriegBopCT)
>>> s.homeTimeSig
<music21.meter.TimeSignature 4/4>
homeKeySig

gets the initial, or ‘home’, key signature by looking at the musictext and locating the key signature in the first few characters in the song rule. A key signature in the song rule might look like this: S: [A] $In $Vr

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(BlitzkriegBopCT)
>>> s.homeKeySig
<music21.key.Key of A major>
comments

Get or set the comments list of a CTRule object. setting comments does not alter self.text

comments are stored as a list of comments, each comment on a line as a list. If the comment is on a rule line, the list contains both the line’s LHS (like In:) and the comment if the comment is on a line of its own, only the comment is appended as a list of length one.

The title is not a comment. The title is stored under self.title

textString = ‘’‘
%Simple Gifts
% A wonderful shaker melody
Vr: I | I | %incomplete verse
S: [A] $Vr % Not quite finished!’‘’
>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(textString)
>>> s.comments
[['A wonderful shaker melody'], ['Vr:', 'incomplete verse'], ['S:', 'Not quite finished!']]

>>> s.comments = ['a new list of comments']
>>> s.comments
['a new list of comments']
>>> s.appendComment('please append this comment to list')
>>> s.comments
['a new list of comments', 'please append this comment to list']
rules

Get the rules of a CTSong. the Rules is a list of objects of type CTRule. If only a textfile provided, this goes through text file and creates the rule object out of each line containing a LHS...NOT including the Song line

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(BlitzkriegBopCT)
>>> len(s.rules)
5
>>> for rule in s.rules:
...   print rule.LHS
BP
In
Vr
Br
Co

CTSong methods

toScore(labelRomanNumerals=True, labelSubsectionsOnScore=True)

creates Score object out of a from CTSong...also creates CTRule objects in the process, filling their .streamFromCTSong attribute with the corresponding smaller inner stream. Individual attributes of a rule are defined by the entire CTSong, such as meter and time signature, so creation of CTRule objects typically occurs only from this method and directly from the clercqTemperly text.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(BlitzkriegBopCT)
>>> scoreObj = s.toScore()
>>> scoreObj.highestOffset
380.0
appendComment(value)

append a comment to self.text at the end of the text file. Only strings or lists of strings are acceptible to append to the text file. this list of comments (self.comments) is also appended

textString = ‘’‘
%Simple Gifts
% A wonderful shaker melody
Vr: I | I | %incomplete verse
S: [A] $Vr % Not quite finished!’‘’
>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTSong(textString)
>>> s.comments
[['A wonderful shaker melody'], ['Vr:', 'incomplete verse'], ['S:', 'Not quite finished!']]
>>> s.appendComment('please append this comment to list')
>>> s.comments
[['A wonderful shaker melody'], ['Vr:', 'incomplete verse'], ['S:', 'Not quite finished!'], 'please append this comment to list']
labelRomanNumerals(scoreObj)

provided a scoreObject, labels the roman numerals on each chord. The CTSong.toScore() method calls this function by default unless labelRomanNumerals=False is passed as a parameter. Method labeling doesn’t relabel tied roman numeral chords.

CTRule

class music21.romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule(text='', **keywords)

CTRule objects correspond to the individual lines defined in a CTSong object. They are typically created by the parser after a CTSong object has been created and the .toScore() method has been called on that object. The usefullness of each CTRule object is that each has a streamFromCTSong() attribute, which is the stream from the entire score that the rule corresponds to.

CTRule attributes

text

the full text of the CTRule, including the LHS, chords, and comments

CTRule properties

LHS

Get the LHS (Left Hand Side) of the CTRule. If not specified explicitly but CTtext present, searches first characters up until ‘:’ for rule and returns string)

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule('In: $BP*3 I IV | I | $BP*3 I IV | I | R |*4 I |*4 % This is a comment')
>>> s.LHS
'In'
sectionName

stores the expanded version of the Left hand side (LHS) such as Introduction, Verse, etc. if text present uses LHS to expand)

Currently supported abbreviations: In: Introduction, Br: Bridge, Vr: Verse, S: Song, Fadeout: Fadeout

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule('Vr2: $BP*3 I IV | I |')
>>> s.sectionName
'Verse2'
musicText

Gets just the music text of the CTRule, excluding the the left hand side and comments

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule('In: $BP*3 I IV | I | $BP*3 I IV | I | R |*4 I |*4 % This is a comment')
>>> s.text
'In: $BP*3 I IV | I | $BP*3 I IV | I | R |*4 I |*4 % This is a comment'
>>> s.musicText
'$BP*3 I IV | I | $BP*3 I IV | I | R |*4 I |*4'
homeTimeSig

Get the beginning of the line’s time signature. If not specified explicitly but CTtextfile present, searches first characters of text file for a time signature (of the form [4/4] ) if not found, returns default of 4/4

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule('In: $BP*3 I IV | I | ')
>>> s.homeTimeSig
<music21.meter.TimeSignature 4/4>
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule('In: [C] [12/8] $BP*3 I IV | I | ')
>>> s.homeTimeSig
<music21.meter.TimeSignature 12/8>
homeKeySig

Get or set the beginning of the line’s key signature. If not specified explicitly but CTtextfile present, searches first characters of text file for a key signature (of the form [D#] or [Cb] or [a] uppercase for major, lowercase for minor) if not found, returns default of C Major

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule('In: $BP*3 I IV | I | ')
>>> s.homeKeySig
<music21.key.Key of C major>
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule('In: [Db] [12/8] $BP*3 I IV | I | ')
>>> s.homeKeySig
<music21.key.Key of D- major>
comments

Get or set the comments of a CTRule object. Functionality is identical to CTRule comments

>>> from music21 import *
>>> s = romanText.clercqTemperley.CTRule('In: $BP*3 I IV | I | $BP*3 I IV | I | R |*4 I |*4 % This is a comment')
>>> s.comments
[['In:', 'This is a comment']]

CTRule methods

appendComment(value)

append a comment to self.text at the end of the text file. Only strings or lists of strings are acceptible to append to the text file. Identical to appendComment()

streamFromCTSong()

returns the stream associated with this CTRule only if present; would be generated by the toScore() method on a CTSong object