Previous topic

music21.duration

Next topic

music21.editorial

Table Of Contents

Table Of Contents

music21.dynamics

Classes and functions for creating and manipulating dynamic symbols. Rather than subclasses, the Dynamic object is often specialized by parameters.

music21.dynamics.dynamicStrFromDecimal(n)

Given a decimal from 0 to 1, return a string representing a dynamic with 0 being the softest (0.01 = ‘ppp’) and 1 being the loudest (0.9+ = ‘fff’) 0 returns “n” (niente), while ppp and fff are the loudest dynamics used.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> dynamics.dynamicStrFromDecimal(0.25)
'pp'
>>> dynamics.dynamicStrFromDecimal(1)
'fff'

Dynamic

Inherits from: Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.dynamics.Dynamic(value=None)

Object representation of Dynamics.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> pp1 = dynamics.Dynamic('pp')
>>> pp1.value
'pp'
>>> pp1.longName
'pianissimo'
>>> pp1.englishName
'very soft'

Dynamics can also be specified on a 0 to 1 scale with 1 being the loudest (see dynamicStrFromDecimal() above)

>>> pp2 = dynamics.Dynamic(0.15) # on 0 to 1 scale
>>> pp2.value
'ppp'
>>> pp2.volumeScalar
0.15

Dynamics can be placed anywhere in a stream.

>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> s.insert(0, note.HalfNote('E-4'))
>>> s.insert(2, note.HalfNote('F#5'))
>>> s.insert(0, dynamics.Dynamic('pp'))
>>> s.insert(1, dynamics.Dynamic('mf'))
>>> s.insert(3, dynamics.Dynamic('fff'))
>>> s.show()
_images/dynamics_simple.png

Dynamic attributes

classSortOrder

Property which returns an number (int or otherwise) depending on the class of the Music21Object that represents a priority for an object based on its class alone – used as a tie for stream sorting in case two objects have the same offset and priority. Lower numbers are sorted to the left of higher numbers. For instance, Clef, KeySignature, TimeSignature all come (in that order) before Note.

All undefined classes have classSortOrder of 20 – same as note.Note

>>> from music21 import *
>>> tc = clef.TrebleClef()
>>> tc.classSortOrder
0
>>> ks = key.KeySignature(3)
>>> ks.classSortOrder
1

New classes can define their own default classSortOrder

>>> class ExampleClass(base.Music21Object):
...     classSortOrderDefault = 5
...
>>> ec1 = ExampleClass()
>>> ec1.classSortOrder
5

Attributes without Documentation: longName, englishName

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id

Dynamic properties

musicxml

Provide a complete MusicXML representation.

mx

No documentation.

positionVertical

Get or set the the vertical position, where 0 is the top line of the staff and units are in 10ths of a staff space.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> te = expressions.TextExpression()
>>> te.positionVertical = 10
>>> te.positionVertical
10.0
value

Get or set the value of this dynamic, which sets the long and english names of this Dynamic. The value is a string specification.

volumeScalar

Get or set the volume scalar for this dynamic. If not explicitly set, a default volume scalar will be provided. Any number between 0 and 1 can be used to set the volume scalar, overriding the expected behavior.

As mezzo is at .5, the unit interval range is doubled for generating final output. The default output is .5.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> d = dynamics.Dynamic('mf')
>>> d.volumeScalar
0.55...

int(volumeScalar * 127) gives the MusicXML <sound dynamics=”x”/> tag

>>> print d.musicxml
<?xml...
<direction>
    <direction-type>
      <dynamics default-x="-36" default-y="-80">
        <mf/>
      </dynamics>
    </direction-type>
    <offset>0</offset>
    <sound dynamics="69"/>
</direction>...

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds

Properties inherited from JSONSerializer: json

Dynamic methods

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), freezeIds(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

Crescendo

Inherits from: DynamicWedge, Spanner, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.dynamics.Crescendo(*arguments, **keywords)

A spanner crescendo wedge.

>>> from music21 import dynamics
>>> d = dynamics.Crescendo()
>>> d.getStartParameters()
{'spread': 0, 'type': 'crescendo'}
>>> d.getEndParameters()
{'spread': 15, 'type': 'stop'}

Crescendo attributes

Attributes inherited from DynamicWedge: spread, placement, type

Attributes inherited from Spanner: isSpanner, idLocal, completeStatus

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id

Crescendo properties

Crescendo methods

getEndParameters()

Return the parameters for the start of this spanner

getStartParameters()

Return the parameters for the start of this spanner

Methods inherited from Spanner: addComponents(), freezeIds(), getComponentIds(), getComponents(), getComponentsByClass(), getDurationBySite(), getDurationSpanBySite(), getFirst(), getLast(), getOffsetSpanBySite(), getOffsetsBySite(), getSpannerStorageId(), hasComponent(), isFirst(), isLast(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), replaceComponent(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

Diminuendo

Inherits from: DynamicWedge, Spanner, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.dynamics.Diminuendo(*arguments, **keywords)

A spanner diminuendo wedge.

>>> from music21 import dynamics
>>> d = dynamics.Diminuendo()
>>> d.getStartParameters()
{'spread': 15, 'type': 'diminuendo'}
>>> d.getEndParameters()
{'spread': 0, 'type': 'stop'}

Diminuendo attributes

Attributes inherited from DynamicWedge: spread, placement, type

Attributes inherited from Spanner: isSpanner, idLocal, completeStatus

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id

Diminuendo properties

Diminuendo methods

getEndParameters()

Return the parameters for the start of this spanner

getStartParameters()

Return the parameters for the start of this spanner

Methods inherited from Spanner: addComponents(), freezeIds(), getComponentIds(), getComponents(), getComponentsByClass(), getDurationBySite(), getDurationSpanBySite(), getFirst(), getLast(), getOffsetSpanBySite(), getOffsetsBySite(), getSpannerStorageId(), hasComponent(), isFirst(), isLast(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), replaceComponent(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()

DynamicWedge

Inherits from: Spanner, Music21Object, JSONSerializer

class music21.dynamics.DynamicWedge(*arguments, **keywords)

Common base-class for Crescendo and Diminuendo.

DynamicWedge attributes

Attributes without Documentation: spread, placement, type

Attributes inherited from Spanner: isSpanner, idLocal, completeStatus

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, groups, id

DynamicWedge properties

DynamicWedge methods

Methods inherited from Spanner: addComponents(), freezeIds(), getComponentIds(), getComponents(), getComponentsByClass(), getDurationBySite(), getDurationSpanBySite(), getFirst(), getLast(), getOffsetSpanBySite(), getOffsetsBySite(), getSpannerStorageId(), hasComponent(), isFirst(), isLast(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), replaceComponent(), unfreezeIds(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: searchActiveSiteByAttr(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), addLocationAndActiveSite(), getAllContextsByClass(), getCommonSiteIds(), getCommonSites(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), purgeUndeclaredIds(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), write()

Methods inherited from JSONSerializer: jsonAttributes(), jsonComponentFactory(), jsonPrint(), jsonRead(), jsonWrite()