ModIMKPinching
This command is used to construct a ModIMKPinching material. This material simulates the modified Ibarra-Medina-Krawinkler deterioration model with pinching hysteretic response. NOTE: before you use this material make sure that you have downloaded the latest OpenSees version. A youtube video presents a summary of this model including the way to be used within openSees (http://youtu.be/YHBHQ-xuybE).
uniaxialMaterial ModIMKPinching $matTag $K0 $as_Plus
$as_Neg $My_Plus $My_Neg $FprPos $FprNeg $A_pinch $Lamda_S $Lamda_C
$Lamda_A $Lamda_K $c_S $c_C $c_A $c_K $theta_p_Plus $theta_p_Neg
$theta_pc_Plus $theta_pc_Neg $Res_Pos $Res_Neg $theta_u_Plus
$theta_u_Neg $D_Plus $D_Neg
matTag
|
integer tag identifying material |
K0
|
elastic stiffness |
as_Plus
|
strain hardening ratio for positive loading direction |
as_Neg
|
strain hardening ratio for negative loading direction |
My_Plus
|
effective yield strength for positive loading direction |
My_Neg
|
effective yield strength for negative loading direction (Must be defined as a negative value) |
FprPos
|
Ratio of the force at which reloading begins to force corresponding to the maximum historic deformation demand (positive loading direction) |
FprNeg
|
Ratio of the force at which reloading begins to force corresponding to the absolute maximum historic deformation demand (negative loading direction) |
A_Pinch
|
Ratio of reloading stiffness |
Lamda_S
|
Cyclic deterioration parameter for strength deterioration [E_t=Lamda_S*M_y, see Lignos and Krawinkler (2011); set Lamda_S = 0 to disable this mode of deterioration] |
Lamda_C
|
Cyclic deterioration parameter for post-capping strength deterioration [E_t=Lamda_C*M_y, see Lignos and Krawinkler (2011); set Lamda_C = 0 to disable this mode of deterioration] |
Lamda_A
|
Cyclic deterioration parameter for accelerated reloading stiffness deterioration [E_t=Lamda_A*M_y, see Lignos and Krawinkler (2011); set Lamda_A = 0 to disable this mode of deterioration] |
Lamda_K
|
Cyclic deterioration parameter for unloading stiffness deterioration [E_t=Lamda_K*M_y, see Lignos and Krawinkler (2011); set Lamda_K = 0 to disable this mode of deterioration] |
c_S
|
rate of strength deterioration. The default value is 1.0. |
c_C
|
rate of post-capping strength deterioration. The default value is 1.0. |
c_A
|
rate of accelerated reloading deterioration. The default value is 1.0. |
c_K
|
rate of unloading stiffness deterioration. The default value is 1.0. |
theta_p_Plus
|
pre-capping rotation for positive loading direction (often noted as plastic rotation capacity) |
theta_p_Neg
|
pre-capping rotation for negative loading direction (often noted as plastic rotation capacity) (must be defined as a positive value) |
theta_pc_Plus
|
post-capping rotation for positive loading direction |
theta_pc_Neg
|
post-capping rotation for negative loading direction (must be defined as a positive value) |
Res_Pos
|
residual strength ratio for positive loading direction |
Res_Neg
|
residual strength ratio for negative loading direction (must be defined as a positive value) |
theta_u_Plus
|
ultimate rotation capacity for positive loading direction |
theta_u_Neg
|
ultimate rotation capacity for negative loading direction (must be defined as a positive value) |
D_Plus
|
rate of cyclic deterioration in the positive loading direction (this parameter is used to create assymetric hysteretic behavior for the case of a composite beam). For symmetric hysteretic response use 1.0. |
D_Neg
|
rate of cyclic deterioration in the negative loading direction (this parameter is used to create assymetric hysteretic behavior for the case of a composite beam). For symmetric hysteretic response use 1.0. |

Image from: Lignos and Krawinkler (2012)
The deterioration model parameters can be calibrated based on actual experimental data of RC beams in terms of load - displacement or moment - rotation. Examples of such calibrations can be found in Lignos (2008) and Lignos and Krawinkler (2012).
References:
[1] |
Lignos, D.G., Krawinkler, H. (2012). “Development and Utilization of Structural Component Databases for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering”, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000646. |
[2] |
Lignos, D.G., and Krawinkler, H. (2011). “Deterioration modeling of steel components in support of collapse prediction of steel moment frames under earthquake loading”, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 137 (11), 1291-1302. |
[3] |
Lignos, D.G. and Krawinkler, H. (2012). “Sidesway collapse of deteriorating structural systems under seismic excitations,” Rep.No.TB 177, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. [electronic version: https://blume.stanford.edu/tech_reports] |
[4] |
Lignos, D.G. (2008). “Sidesway collapse of deteriorating structural systems under seismic excitations,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. |
[5] |
Ibarra L.F., and Krawinkler, H. (2005). “Global collapse of frame structures under seismic excitations”, Rep. No. TB 152, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. [electronic version: https://blume.stanford.edu/tech_reports] |
[6] |
Ibarra L.F., Medina R. A., and Krawinkler H. (2005). “Hysteretic models that incorporate strength and stiffness deterioration”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 34(12), 1489-1511. |
Code Developed by : by Dr. Dimitrios G. Lignos, McGill University