Optimum profit per p_fail
(measured over 15 replications at the optimal α × β × n_backup)
p_failα*β*n_backup*Profit (Cr/day)
0.005 (200 d)0.80.3263.76
0.01 (100 d)0.90.3261.14
0.02 (50 d)0.90.9256.89
Marker color = retailer's mean simulated profit/day,
on one shared color scale across the three p_fail layers.