public class UniversalEnglishGrammaticalRelations
extends java.lang.Object
UniversalEnglishGrammaticalRelations
is a
set of GrammaticalRelation
objects according to the Universal
Dependencies standard.
Grammatical relations can either be shown in their basic form, where each
input token receives a relation, or "collapsed" which does certain normalizations
which group words or turns them into relations. See
UniversalEnglishGrammaticalStructure
. What is presented here mainly
shows the basic form, though there is some mixture. The "collapsed" grammatical
relations primarily differ as follows:
GrammaticalRelation
for details of fields and matching.
If using LexicalizedParser, it should be run with the
-retainTmpSubcategories
option and one of the
-splitTMP
options (e.g., -splitTMP 1
) in order to
get the temporal NP dependencies maximally right!
Implementation notes: Don't change the set of GRs without discussing it
with people first. If a change is needed, to add a new grammatical relation:
values
array at the end of the file.GrammaticalStructure
,
GrammaticalRelation
,
EnglishGrammaticalStructure
,
English grammatical relations documentationModifier and Type | Field and Description |
---|---|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER
The "adjectival modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
The "adverbial clause modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
The "adverbial modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
AGENT
The "agent" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER
The "appositional modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ARGUMENT
The "argument" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
AUX_MODIFIER
An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause,
e.g., a modal auxiliary, or a form of be, do or have in a
periphrastic tense.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER
The "passive auxiliary" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CASE_MARKER
The "prepositional modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
The "clausal complement" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CLAUSAL_MODIFIER
The "clausal modifier of noun" relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
The "clausal passive subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
The "clausal subject" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.Set<GrammaticalRelation> |
clauseRelations |
static GrammaticalRelation |
COMPLEMENT
The "complement" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
COMPOUND_MODIFIER
The "compound modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CONJUNCT
The "conjunct" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
The "controlling clausal passive subject" relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
The "controlling clausal subject" relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
The "controlling nominal passive subject" relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_SUBJECT
The "controlling nominal subject" relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
COORDINATION
The "coordination" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
COPULA
The "copula" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
DETERMINER
The "determiner" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
DIRECT_OBJECT
The "direct object" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
DISCOURSE_ELEMENT
The "discourse element" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
EXPLETIVE
The "expletive" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
GOES_WITH
The "goes with" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
INDIRECT_OBJECT
The "indirect object" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
LIST
The "list" relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
MARKER
The "marker" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
MODIFIER
The "modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
MULTI_WORD_EXPRESSION
The "multi-word expression" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NAME_MODIFIER
The "name" relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NEGATION_MODIFIER
The "negation modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NOMINAL_MODIFIER
The "nominal modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
The "nominal passive subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NOMINAL_SUBJECT
The "nominal subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NP_ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
The "noun phrase as adverbial modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NUMERIC_MODIFIER
The "numeric modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
OBJECT
The "object" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PARATAXIS
The "parataxis" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE
The "phrasal verb particle" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
POSSESSION_MODIFIER
The "possession" grammatical relation between the possessum and the possessor.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PRECONJUNCT
The "preconjunct" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PREDETERMINER
The "predeterminer" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PREDICATE
The "predicate" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PREPOSITION
The PREPOSITION grammatical relation is only here as a temporary
relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PUNCTUATION
The "punctuation" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
QMOD
The quantificational modifier relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
REFERENT
The "referent" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
RELATIVE
The RELATIVE grammatical relation is only here as a temporary
relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
The "relative clause modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT
The "semantic dependent" grammatical relation has been
introduced as a supertype for the controlling subject relation.
|
static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,GrammaticalRelation> |
shortNameToGRel |
static GrammaticalRelation |
SUBJECT
The "subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
TEMPORAL_MODIFIER
The "temporal modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock |
valuesLock |
static GrammaticalRelation |
XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a VP or an ADJP is a clausal
complement without its own subject, whose reference is determined by an
external subject.
|
Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
---|---|
static GrammaticalRelation |
getAcl(java.lang.String aclString)
The "acl" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> |
getAcls() |
static GrammaticalRelation |
getAdvcl(java.lang.String advclString)
The "advcl" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> |
getAdvcls() |
static GrammaticalRelation |
getConj(java.lang.String conjunctionString)
The "conj" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> |
getConjs() |
static GrammaticalRelation |
getNmod(java.lang.String prepositionString)
The "nmod" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> |
getNmods() |
static void |
main(java.lang.String[] args)
Prints out the English grammatical relations hierarchy.
|
static void |
threadSafeAddRelation(GrammaticalRelation relation)
This method is meant to be called when you want to add a relation
to the values list in a thread-safe manner.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
valueOf(java.lang.Object o)
Returns an EnglishGrammaticalRelation based on the argument.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
valueOf(java.lang.String s)
Returns the EnglishGrammaticalRelation having the given string
representation (e.g., "nsubj"), or null if no such is found.
|
static java.util.List<GrammaticalRelation> |
values() |
static java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock |
valuesLock() |
public static final GrammaticalRelation PREDICATE
pred
(Reagan, died)public static final GrammaticalRelation AUX_MODIFIER
aux
(died, has)public static final GrammaticalRelation AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER
auxpass
(killed, been)public static final GrammaticalRelation COPULA
Examples:
cop
(big, is) cop
(man, is)public static final GrammaticalRelation CONJUNCT
Example:
conj
(big, honest)
Note:Modified in 2010 to exclude the case of a CC/CONJP first in its phrase: it has to conjoin things.public static final GrammaticalRelation COORDINATION
cc
(big, and)public static final GrammaticalRelation PUNCTUATION
punct
(Go, !)
The condition for NFP to appear hear is that it does not match the emoticon patterns under discourse.public static final GrammaticalRelation ARGUMENT
Example:
arg
(defeated, Clinton), arg
(defeated, Dole)public static final GrammaticalRelation SUBJECT
Examples:
subj
(defeated, Clinton) subj
(is, What she said)public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_SUBJECT
Example:
nsubj
(defeated, Clinton)public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
Example:
nsubjpass
(defeated, Dole)
This pattern recognizes basic (non-coordinated) examples. The coordinated examples are currently handled by correctDependencies() in EnglishGrammaticalStructure. This seemed more accurate than any tregex expression we could come up with.
public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
Examples: (subject is "what she said" in both examples)
csubj
(makes, said) csubj
(untrue, said)public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
Example: (subject is "that she lied")
csubjpass
(suspected, lied)public static final GrammaticalRelation COMPLEMENT
Examples:
comp
(gave, me),
comp
(gave, a raise) comp
(like, to swim)public static final GrammaticalRelation OBJECT
Examples:
obj
(gave, me),
obj
(gave, raise)public static final GrammaticalRelation DIRECT_OBJECT
Example:
dobj
(gave, raise)
Note that dobj can also be assigned by the conversion of rel in the postprocessing.public static final GrammaticalRelation INDIRECT_OBJECT
iobj
(gave, me)public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
Example:
ccomp
(says, like) ccomp
(certain, did) ccomp
(fact, honest)public static final GrammaticalRelation XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
xcomp
(like, swim) xcomp
(ready, leave)public static final GrammaticalRelation RELATIVE
public static final GrammaticalRelation PREPOSITION
public static final GrammaticalRelation REFERENT
ref
(book, which) ref
(book, which)public static final GrammaticalRelation EXPLETIVE
expl
(is, there)public static final GrammaticalRelation MODIFIER
ARGUMENT
of that
VP); a modifier of a clause is an modifier of the VP which is
the predicate of that clause.Examples:
mod
(swam, in the pool),
mod
(swam, last night)public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_MODIFIER
nmod
is a noun functioning as a non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct.
In English, nmod is used for prepositional complements.
(The preposition in turn may be modifying a noun, verb, etc.)
We here define cases of VBG quasi-prepositions like "including",
"concerning", etc. as instances of pobj (unlike the Penn Treebank).
Example: nmod
(sat, chair)
(The preposition can be called a FW for pace, versus, etc. It can also
be called a CC - but we don't currently handle that and would need to
distinguish from conjoined PPs. Jan 2010 update: We now insist that the
NP must follow the preposition. This prevents a preceding NP measure
phrase being matched as a nmod. We do allow a preposition tagged RB
followed by an NP pobj, as happens in the Penn Treebank for adverbial uses
of PP like "up 19%")public static final GrammaticalRelation ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
advmod
) and the dependent is the main predicate of the clause.
Examples: advcl
(happened, falling) advcl
(tell, know)public static final GrammaticalRelation MARKER
mark
(launched, after)public static final GrammaticalRelation ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER
Example:
amod
(meat, red)
The relation amod is also used for multiword country adjectives, despite their
questionable treebank representation.
Example: amod
(German, West),
amod
(economy, German)public static final GrammaticalRelation NUMERIC_MODIFIER
Example:
nummod
(sheep, 3)public static final GrammaticalRelation COMPOUND_MODIFIER
compound
(futures, oil),
compound
(futures, price)
Numbers consisting of multiple words are also treated as compounds.
Example: compound
(thousand, four) public static final GrammaticalRelation NAME_MODIFIER
name
label.
The distinction between compound
and name
can only be made on the basis of NER tags.
For this reason, we use the compound
relation for all flat NPs and replace it with the name
relation during post-processing.
See also UniversalEnglishGrammaticalStructure.processNames(edu.stanford.nlp.semgraph.SemanticGraph)
.
Example: name
(Hillary, Rodham),
name
(Hillary, Clinton)public static final GrammaticalRelation APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER
appos
(Sam, brother) appos
(Bill, cousin).
"The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)" →
appos
(Corporation, ABC)public static final GrammaticalRelation DISCOURSE_ELEMENT
public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_MODIFIER
acl
is used for
finite and non-finite clauses that modify a noun. Note that in
English relative clauses get assigned a specific relation
acl:relcl
, a subtype of acl
.
Examples: acl
(issues, sees) public static final GrammaticalRelation RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
relcl
(man, love) relcl
(book, bought)public static final GrammaticalRelation ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
Examples:
advmod
(modified, genetically) advmod
(often, less)public static final GrammaticalRelation NEGATION_MODIFIER
neg
(scientist, not) neg
(drive, n't)public static final GrammaticalRelation NP_ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
npadvmod
(old, years)
npadvmod
(eased, fraction)
npadvmod
($, share)
npadvmod
(significant, itself)
npadvmod
(like, most)
public static final GrammaticalRelation TEMPORAL_MODIFIER
nmod:tmod
(swam, night)public static final GrammaticalRelation MULTI_WORD_EXPRESSION
mwe
(as, well)mwe
(as, as)
"fewer than 700 bottles" →
mwe
(fewer, than)CoordinationTransformer#MWETransform(Tree)}
,
List of multi-word expressionspublic static final GrammaticalRelation DETERMINER
Examples:
det
(man,the) det
(man,which) public static final GrammaticalRelation PREDETERMINER
Example:
predet
(boys,all)public static final GrammaticalRelation PRECONJUNCT
cc:preconj
(boys,both)public static final GrammaticalRelation POSSESSION_MODIFIER
Examples:
poss
(offices, their)poss
(clothes, Bill)public static final GrammaticalRelation CASE_MARKER
Examples:
case
(hat, in) case
(telescope, with) case
(meals, for)public static final GrammaticalRelation PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE
Example:
prt
(shut, down)public static final GrammaticalRelation PARATAXIS
Examples:
parataxis
(left,said) public static final GrammaticalRelation GOES_WITH
Example:
goeswith
(out, with)public static final GrammaticalRelation LIST
public static final GrammaticalRelation QMOD
det:qmod
(planes, both)mwe
(both, of)mwe
(both, the)public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_SUBJECT
nsubj
(Sue, wants)nsubj:xsubj
(Sue, wants)mark
(to, buy)xcomp
(buy, wants)det
(a, hat)dobj
(hat, buy)public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
nsubj
(hat, seemed)nsubjpass:xsubj
(hat, bought)mark
(to, bought)aux
(have, bought)auxpass
(been, bought)public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
nsubj
(hat, seemed)nsubjpass:xsubj
(hat, bought)mark
(to, bought)aux
(have, bought)auxpass
(been, bought)public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
public static final GrammaticalRelation SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT
public static final GrammaticalRelation AGENT
Example:
agent
(killed, police)public static final java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock valuesLock
public static final java.util.Set<GrammaticalRelation> clauseRelations
public static final java.util.Map<java.lang.String,GrammaticalRelation> shortNameToGRel
public static java.util.List<GrammaticalRelation> values()
public static java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock valuesLock()
public static void threadSafeAddRelation(GrammaticalRelation relation)
relation
- the relation to be added to the values listpublic static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getConjs()
public static GrammaticalRelation getConj(java.lang.String conjunctionString)
conjunctionString
- The conjunction to make a GrammaticalRelation out ofpublic static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getNmods()
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getAcls()
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getAdvcls()
public static GrammaticalRelation getNmod(java.lang.String prepositionString)
They will be turned into nmod:word, where "word" is a preposition.
prepositionString
- The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out ofpublic static GrammaticalRelation getAdvcl(java.lang.String advclString)
They will be turned into advcl:word, where "word" is a preposition.
advclString
- The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out ofpublic static GrammaticalRelation getAcl(java.lang.String aclString)
They will be turned into acl:word, where "word" is a preposition.
aclString
- The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out ofpublic static GrammaticalRelation valueOf(java.lang.String s)
s
- The short name of the GrammaticalRelationpublic static GrammaticalRelation valueOf(java.lang.Object o)
null
for other classes or if no string match is found.o
- A GrammaticalRelation or Stringpublic static void main(java.lang.String[] args)
EnglishGrammaticalStructure
for a main method that
will print the grammatical relations of a sentence or tree.args
- Args are ignored.