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Diagramas de flujo: Mermaid y Graphviz

Transforma el mismo pseudocódigo en un diagrama Mermaid o Graphviz. Ambos motores comparten la misma semántica; Graphviz prioriza una geometría determinista.

Los diagramas siguientes se renderizan directamente en MkDocs a partir de las fuentes Mermaid y Graphviz; no se usan imágenes estáticas aproximadas.

Ejemplo completo: juego del número misterioso

Primero se lee n, el límite superior. El programa elige al azar un objetivo entre 1 y n y después pide intentos m. Cuando se acierta, Romper interrumpe el bucle.

Leer n
objetivo = aleatorio(1, n)
m = objetivo + 1
Mientras m no es igual a objetivo:
    Leer m
    Si m > objetivo Entonces:
        Mostrar "¡Demasiado grande!"
    Sino Si m < objetivo Entonces:
        Mostrar "¡Demasiado pequeño!"
    Sino:
        Mostrar "¡Ganaste!"
        Romper
    Fin
Fin

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inicio"])
    n2(["Fin"])
    n3[/"Leer n"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4["objetivo = aleatorio(1, n)"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    n5["m = objetivo + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 normal
    n4 e2@--> n5
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n4 n5
    n6{"Mientras m no es igual a objetivo ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e3@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e3 n5 n6
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n7[/"Leer m"/]
    n8{"m ›⁣ objetivo ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n7 n8 normal
    n7 e4@--> n8
    %% pseudocode-sequence e4 n7 n8
    n9[/"Mostrar '¡Demasiado grande!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n8 n9 branch
    n8 e5@-->|"Sí"| n9
    n10{"m ‹⁣ objetivo ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e6 n8 n10 branch
    n8 e6@-->|"No"| n10
    n11[/"Mostrar '¡Demasiado pequeño!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e7 n10 n11 branch
    n10 e7@-->|"Sí"| n11
    n12[/"Mostrar '¡Ganaste!'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e8 n10 n12 branch
    n10 e8@-->|"No"| n12
    n13["Romper"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e9 n12 n13 normal
    n12 e9@--> n13
    %% pseudocode-sequence e9 n12 n13
    n14((" ")):::pseudocodeGhost
    %% pseudocode-edge e10 n9 n14 normal
    n9 e10@--- n14
    %% pseudocode-sequence e10 n9 n14
    %% pseudocode-edge e11 n11 n14 normal
    n11 e11@--- n14
    %% pseudocode-sequence e11 n11 n14
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e12 n6 n7 branch
    n6 e12@-->|"Sí"| n7
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e12 n6 n7
    %% pseudocode-edge e13 n14 n6 loop_back
    n14 e13@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e13 n14 n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e14 n6 n2 branch
    n6 e14@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e14 n6 n2
    %% pseudocode-edge e15 n13 n2 normal
    n13 e15@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e15 n13 n2
    classDef pseudocodeGhost fill:transparent,stroke:transparent,color:transparent;

pseudocoden1Inicion2Finn3Leer nn4objetivo = aleatorio(1, n)n5m = objetivo + 1n6Mientras m no es igual a objetivo ?n7Leer mn8m > objetivo ?n9Mostrar "¡Demasiado grande!"n10m < objetivo ?n11Mostrar "¡Demasiado pequeño!"n12Mostrar "¡Ganaste!"n13Rompern1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nn5:s->n6:nn6:s->n7:nSín6:e->__exit_top_3:wNon7:s->n8:nn8:s->n9:nSín8:e->n10:nNon9:s->n14:nn10:s->n11:nSín10:e->n12:nNon11:s->n14:nn12:s->n13:nn13:s->n2:nn14:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n6:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:e

Principales estructuras de programación

Los ejemplos siguientes aíslan las estructuras de control más habituales para comparar rápidamente su representación con Mermaid y Graphviz.

Condición: Si … Entonces … Sino …

x = 5
Si x > 0 Entonces:
    Mostrar "positivo"
Sino:
    Mostrar "cero o negativo"
Fin

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inicio"])
    n2(["Fin"])
    n3["x = 5"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"x ›⁣ 0 ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    n5[/"Mostrar 'positivo'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e2@-->|"Sí"| n5
    n6[/"Mostrar 'cero o negativo'"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n4 n6 branch
    n4 e3@-->|"No"| n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n5 n2 normal
    n5 e4@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e4 n5 n2
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 normal
    n6 e5@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1Inicion2Finn3x = 5n4x > 0 ?n5Mostrar "positivo"n6Mostrar "cero o negativo"n1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nSín4:e->n6:nNon5:s->n2:nn6:s->n2:n

Bucle: Para … desde … hasta …

total = 0
Para i desde 1 hasta 5:
    total = total + i
Fin
Mostrar total

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inicio"])
    n2(["Fin"])
    n3["total = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"Para i desde 1 hasta 5"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n5["total = total + i"]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e2@-->|"Sí"| n5
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e2 n4 n5
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n5 n4 loop_back
    n5 e3@-->|"(i = i + 1)"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e3 n5 n4
    n6[/"Mostrar total"/]
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n4 n6 branch
    n4 e4@-->|"No"| n6
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e4 n4 n6
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 normal
    n6 e5@--> n2
    %% pseudocode-sequence e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1Inicion2Finn3total = 0n4Para i desde 1 hasta 5n5total = total + in6Mostrar totaln1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nSín4:e->__exit_top_3:wNon5:w->__return_bottom_1:e(i = i + 1)n6:s->n2:n__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n6:e

Bucle: Para … desde … hasta … con paso …

Para i desde 0 hasta 10 con paso 2:
    Mostrar i
Fin

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inicio"])
    n2(["Fin"])
    n3{"Para i desde 0 hasta 10 con paso 2"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Mostrar i"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Sí"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@-->|"(i = i + 2)"| n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1Inicion2Finn3Para i desde 0 hasta 10 con paso 2n4Mostrar in1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nSín3:e->__exit_top_3:wNon4:w->__return_bottom_1:e(i = i + 2)__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:e

Bucle: Para … En …

Para c En "Hola":
    Mostrar c
Fin

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inicio"])
    n2(["Fin"])
    n3{"Para c En 'Hola'"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Mostrar c"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Sí"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1Inicion2Finn3Para c En "Hola"n4Mostrar cn1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nSín3:e->__exit_top_3:wNon4:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:e

Bucle: Mientras …

i = 0
Mientras i < 3:
    Mostrar i
    i = i + 1
Fin

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inicio"])
    n2(["Fin"])
    n3["i = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    n4{"Mientras i ‹⁣ 3 ?"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e1@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n3 n4
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n5[/"Mostrar i"/]
    n6["i = i + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e2@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n5 n6
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n4 n5 branch
    n4 e3@-->|"Sí"| n5
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e3 n4 n5
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n6 n4 loop_back
    n6 e4@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e4 n6 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n4 n2 branch
    n4 e5@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e5 n4 n2

pseudocoden1Inicion2Finn3i = 0n4Mientras i < 3 ?n5Mostrar in6i = i + 1n1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nSín4:e->__exit_top_3:wNon5:s->n6:nn6:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:e

Bucle: Repetir … veces

Repetir 3 veces:
    Mostrar "Hola"
Fin

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inicio"])
    n2(["Fin"])
    n3{"Repetir 3 veces"}
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1_body[" "]
        direction TB
    n4[/"Mostrar 'Hola'"/]
    end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n3 n4 branch
    n3 e1@-->|"Sí"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-continue e1 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n4 n3 loop_back
    n4 e2@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e2 n4 n3
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n2 branch
    n3 e3@-->|"No"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e3 n3 n2

pseudocoden1Inicion2Finn3Repetir 3 vecesn4Mostrar "Hola"n1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nSín3:e->__exit_top_3:wNon4:w->__return_bottom_1:e__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n3:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:e

Bucle: Repetir … Hasta Que …

i = 0
Repetir:
    Mostrar i
    i = i + 1
Hasta Que i >= 3

%%{init: {"flowchart":{"curve":"basis","nodeSpacing":55,"rankSpacing":72,"htmlLabels":false},"layout":"elk","look":"classic","elk":{"preset":"modelOrder","nodePlacementStrategy":"LINEAR_SEGMENTS","nodePlacementAlignment":"NONE","layeringStrategy":"NETWORK_SIMPLEX","cycleBreakingStrategy":"MODEL_ORDER","considerModelOrder":"NODES_AND_EDGES","forceNodeModelOrder":true,"keepEntryNodeOnTop":true,"straightenEdges":true,"lineHops":false,"mergeEdges":false},"htmlLabels":false}}%%
%% pseudocode-layout-profile: validated-loop-attached-edges-v22
flowchart TD
    n1(["Inicio"])
    n2(["Fin"])
    n3["i = 0"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e0 n1 n3 normal
    n1 e0@--> n3
    %% pseudocode-sequence e0 n1 n3
    subgraph loop1[" "]
        direction TB
        subgraph loop1_body[" "]
            direction TB
    n4[/"Mostrar i"/]
    n5["i = i + 1"]
    %% pseudocode-edge e1 n4 n5 normal
    n4 e1@--> n5
    %% pseudocode-sequence e1 n4 n5
        end
    style loop1_body fill:none,stroke:none
        subgraph loop1_condition[" "]
            direction TB
    n6{"i ›⁣= 3 ?"}
        end
    style loop1_condition fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e2 n5 n6 normal
    n5 e2@--> n6
    %% pseudocode-sequence e2 n5 n6
    end
    style loop1 fill:none,stroke:none
    %% pseudocode-edge e3 n3 n4 normal
    n3 e3@--> n4
    %% pseudocode-sequence e3 n3 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e4 n6 n4 loop_back
    n6 e4@-->|"No"| n4
    %% pseudocode-loop-back e4 n6 n4
    %% pseudocode-edge e5 n6 n2 branch
    n6 e5@-->|"Sí"| n2
    %% pseudocode-loop-exit e5 n6 n2

pseudocoden1Inicion2Finn3i = 0n4Mostrar in5i = i + 1n6i >= 3 ?n1:s->n3:nn3:s->n4:nn4:s->n5:nn5:s->n6:nn6:w->__return_bottom_1:eNon6:e->__exit_top_3:wSí__return_bottom_1:n->__return_top_2:s__return_top_2:e->n4:w__exit_top_3:s->__exit_bottom_4:n__exit_bottom_4:w->n2:e