synthesize_silhouette — 3D space_carving op

• Data kinds: points → image2d

• Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.synthesize_silhouette(points, K, R, t, size: 'Tuple[int, int]', *, fill: 'bool' = True, dilate: 'int' = 1) -> 'np.ndarray' (to call the implementation directly, import visualhull; visualhull.synthesize_silhouette(points, K, R, t, size: 'Tuple[int, int]', *, fill: 'bool' = True, dilate: 'int' = 1) -> 'np.ndarray'; from the registry, ops3d.get("synthesize_silhouette"))

Usage

Project a 3-D point set into a (K,R,t) camera and return the silhouette (H,W bool) that is True where pixels are occupied.

For GT generation. Projects points (N,3) with X_cam = R X + t and sets to True the pixels hit with depth>0 inside the image. Sparse point clouds leave holes in the projected image, so by default the holes are filled (fill, scipy.ndimage.binary_fill_holes) to give a solid foreground mask. It is then dilated by dilate pixels, giving a silhouette with coverage meaning: "a pixel is foreground if it touches the object even slightly" — this is the conservative rounding that guarantees the visual hull's recall (not missing object voxels) even under discretisation error.

Parameters

points : (N, 3) array_like point cloud in world coordinates (samples on the object surface/interior).

K : (3, 3) intrinsic parameters.

R, t : (3, 3), (3,) world->camera rotation and translation.

size : (H, W) output image size.

fill : bool fill holes in the projected image to make it solid (default True).

dilate : int number of pixels to dilate as a coverage margin (default 1, 0 disables).

Returns

(H, W) bool ndarray silhouette with foreground True.

Background guides (the physics and conventions behind this op)

• blender_interop — Using Blender alongside — build the shape, measure it with fullseye (pitfalls: axes, units, ground truth)

References (sample data, literature)

• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).

• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.

Runnable examples (verified samples that actually call this op)

• space_carving — py -3.11 examples_3d/space_carving.py

Ops the type connects to (they accept image2d as input)

fuse_to_voxel · fit_poly_surface · eval_poly_surface · surface_form_error · background_flatten · polar_unwrap · fit_zernike · matcap_shade

Same category (space_carving)

carve · visual_hull · carve_look_at


*Provenance: visualhull.py — 3D operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*

© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.