typed op• 資料種類:signal → signal
• 呼叫:fullseye.apply(img, "tb_local_std", a=0.5, b=0.5)(2-D 的模型是一張圖 + 兩個純量旋鈕 a,b∈[0,1])
*圖為在 128×128 合成輸入上實際執行的輸出。左為輸入，右為輸出。點雲以俯視散點顯示(亮度 = z)，一維序列為折線，體資料為沿 z 的最大值投影，影片為中間影格，複數影像為振幅；無法成像的回傳值直接顯示數值。*
掃描旋鈕 a(0.1 / 0.5 / 0.9，另一旋鈕取預設):
▸ tb_local_std: 旋鈕 a 掃描 (文件網站)
*旋鈕 b 不改變輸出(實測: 0.1 / 0.5 / 0.9 相同)。*
階段(前置運算子 → 本運算子，由左至右):
▸ tb_local_std: 處理階段 (文件網站)
換別的影像(合成場景 / 照片 / 硬幣。上排為輸入，下排為對應輸出。旋鈕取預設):
▸ tb_local_std: 其他輸入影像 (文件網站)
帶誤差界的移動標準差。
> 以下的詳細說明為原文 —— 摘要與標題已翻譯。
The 1-D counterpart of the image operator local_std (HALCON's deviation_image): the variance is taken after subtracting the mean (E[x^2] - E[x]^2 loses its significant digits on a signal that sits far from zero), unbiased by n/(n-1), and the residual bias of the square root removed by c4(n), so the estimate of sigma itself is unbiased.
*window* is the number of samples in the sliding window, rounded up to the next odd number so the window can be centred (10 becomes 11). The error bound below is computed from the window actually used, so the number quoted stays true. The 2-D side does the same thing — _k(a) snaps the knob to 3/5/7/9 — and the typed bridge that exposes this op as tb_local_std scales the knob continuously, so an even value arrives whenever the knob lands between two odd ones. The relative standard error of each estimate is 1/sqrt(2(n-1)) — 35 % for a 5-sample window, 11 % for 41. Quote it next to any noise figure:
a rolling sigma over 9 samples is +- 25 %, which is wider than most of the changes people try to read off it.
Returns an array the same length as *x* (the ends are reflected).
Typed bridge of the 1d op local_std into the 2-D evolution registry: the same implementation, called under the op(v, a, b) convention. a drives window (default 9); b is unused.
• 範例資料目錄(下載 URL / 授權) —— 2-D 用 skimage.data(BSD/公有領域)加合成圖,3-D 給出真實資料源(Stanford/PDS 等)的下載 URL。
• 運算子來歷與參考文獻 —— 該運算子族所依據的研究/方法出處。
下面的程式已確認可以執行(與圖相同的輸入)。在 Studio 說明中，此區塊會變成按鈕，可當場載入並執行。
img_to_signal 0.50 0.50 tb_local_std 0.50 0.50
下面的範例呼叫的是底層帳本運算子 local_std。此橋接運算子只是把同一實作適配為 fn(v, a, b) 慣例，行為完全相同(只是呼叫形式不同)。
• gallery2d_texture_freq — py -3.11 examples/gallery2d_texture_freq.py
signal 作為輸入)identity · tb_create_funct_1d_array · tb_smooth_funct_1d_gauss · tb_smooth_funct_1d_mean · tb_derivate_funct_1d · tb_integrate_funct_1d · tb_zero_crossings_funct_1d · tb_abs_funct_1d
typed)tb_points_to_voxel · tb_estimate_point_normals · tb_iss_keypoints · tb_project_points · tb_render_point_depth · tb_statistical_outlier_removal · tb_radius_outlier_removal · tb_voxel_grid_downsample
*Provenance: ops.py — 2D 運算子登記表。本條目由 tools/opdocs.py md 自動產生(請勿手動編輯)。*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.