spectral op• Data kinds: none → pairs (an op determined by its arguments alone — it takes no image or data input)
• Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.ingaas_photodiode_qe(cutoff_nm=1700.0, absorber_um=3.0, window_cutoff_nm=920.0, window_um=1.0, front_reflectance=0.03, urbach_mev=8.0, wl_min_nm=800.0, wl_max_nm=2600.0, n_points=361) (to call the implementation directly, import spectralrad; spectralrad.ingaas_photodiode_qe(cutoff_nm=1700.0, absorber_um=3.0, window_cutoff_nm=920.0, window_um=1.0, front_reflectance=0.03, urbach_mev=8.0, wl_min_nm=800.0, wl_max_nm=2600.0, n_points=361); from the registry, opsoptics.get("ingaas_photodiode_qe"))
External quantum efficiency (electrons per photon) of an InGaAs photodiode from the direct-gap absorption edges of the absorber and the window.
> The detailed description below is the original text — the summary and the headings are translated.
QE(λ) = (1 − R) · exp(−α_win d_win) · [1 − exp(−α_abs W)]、α(E) = A √(E − E_g)(直接遷移、E_g より E_u/2 上から下は Urbach の裾 A√(E_u/2) exp((E − E_g − E_u/2)/E_u) に C¹ でつなぐ)。吸収層の E_g = hc/*cutoff_nm*(標準の In₀.₅₃Ga₀.₄₇As で 0.74 eV → 約 1.7 µm、拡張品は In 組成を上げて 1.9 / 2.2 / 2.6 µm)、A = 3.1 µm⁻¹ eV^−½(In₀.₅₃Ga₀.₄₇As の 1.55 µm で α ≈ 7×10³ /cm に合わせた値)。窓(InP、E_g 1.344 eV → 922 nm)は短波長を吸って下限を作る。窓を薄く(基板除去) すると可視まで伸びる。
★これは形のモデルで、データシートの曲線ではない: 市販の標準品の典型値(データシート: 0.9〜1.7 µm、1.0〜1.6 µm で 80 % 前後、1.7 µm で急落)の形を、吸収端の物理(直接遷移の √ と Urbach の裾) から出す。実機は製品のデータシートの曲線を spectral_product に直接渡すこと。
出典: S. Adachi, J. Appl. Phys. 66, 6030 (1989)(III-V の直接遷移の吸収端)/ F. Urbach, Phys. Rev. 92, 1324 (1953)/ A. Rogalski, *Infrared Detectors*, 2nd ed., CRC (2010)(InGaAs の組成とカットオフ)。
返り値: pairs(λ nm, QE)。
Every optics op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):
• Units are baked into the argument name — _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad. Confusing mm with µm does not crash; it yields a plausible-looking wrong answer, so the name prevents it. Nothing here guesses the unit from the magnitude.
• Strings raise ValueError — float('50') succeeds, so an unparsed configuration value would slip through as a length (measured: thin_lens('50', '200') returned a plausible 66.667 mm). bool is refused too, as the implicit promotion True == 1.
• complex / masked arrays raise ValueError (real-valued slots only; silently dropping the imaginary part or peeling off the mask is refused). NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input.
• Division by zero and its relatives are refused by name: focal length 0, radius of curvature 0, refractive index <= 0, a fully opaque aperture (all zeros, so the normalisation is 0/0), a PSF whose sum is <= 0, a Stokes vector with S0 = 0, and an object sitting at the front focal point (the image is at infinity).
• Only two ops return a non-finite value, and both state it as a contract: depth_of_field returns far_mm = inf beyond the hyperfocal distance (that is what the hyperfocal distance means), and gaussian_beam returns wavefront_radius_mm = inf at the waist (the radius of curvature of a plane wavefront). Both also return a finite companion (far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm). Any other silent NaN/Inf is detected internally and raises ValueError — "float64 overflowed" and "the answer is infinite" are different claims, so the first is never returned wearing the face of the second.
• Size caps: generated grids are capped by optics.MAX_GRID (4096); supplied fields/PSFs/apertures by optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS (2^24); ABCD element chains by optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS (1024); Zernike by MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS (512) / MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER (40) / MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS (2^25). This closes, fail-closed, the paths where a small argument triggers a huge internal allocation (measured: n_max=40 × 4096² needs 108 GB).
• Physically impossible states are refused too: a Stokes vector with degree of polarisation > 1, negative transmittance, negative intensity, and invalid Zernike indices such as n-|m| odd.
• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).
• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.
• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.
• poc_hyperspectral_foreign_matter — py -3.11 examples/poc_hyperspectral_foreign_matter.py
pairs as input)mtf50 · energy_to_photons · spectral_product · spectral_integral · spectral_stats · kubelka_munk_reflectance · hyperspectral_capture · film_thickness_fft
spectral)blackbody_spectrum · cie_illuminant_a · led_spectrum · bandpass_spectrum · silicon_photodiode_qe · energy_to_photons · spectral_product · spectral_integral
*Provenance: spectralrad.py — OPTICS operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.