spectral op• Data kinds: none → pairs (an op determined by its arguments alone — it takes no image or data input)
• Call: import fullseye as fs; fs.ledger.silicon_photodiode_qe(collection_depth_um=3.0, dead_layer_um=0.0, front_reflectance=None, wl_min_nm=300.0, wl_max_nm=1200.0, n_points=181) (to call the implementation directly, import spectralrad; spectralrad.silicon_photodiode_qe(collection_depth_um=3.0, dead_layer_um=0.0, front_reflectance=None, wl_min_nm=300.0, wl_max_nm=1200.0, n_points=181); from the registry, opsoptics.get("silicon_photodiode_qe"))
External quantum efficiency (electrons per photon) of a Si photodiode, from the n,k of Si.
> The detailed description below is the original text — the summary and the headings are translated.
QE(λ) = (1 − R(λ)) · [exp(−α d₀) − exp(−α (d₀ + W))]、α = 4πk/λ(Si の k は materials の Green 2008、300 K)。W = *collection_depth_um*(空乏層 + 拡散で集まる深さ。裏面照射の CMOS で ≈ 3 µm、NIR 強化品で 6〜10 µm、PIN フォトダイオードで 50 µm 以上)、d₀ = *dead_layer_um* (表面の再結合で失う層)。*front_reflectance* が None なら空気/Si の Fresnel(≈ 0.3、反射防止膜なし)、数を与えればその一定値(反射防止膜つきなら 0.02〜0.05)。
集める深さが有限なので、吸収端(1.1 µm)より手前から QE が落ちる —— 厚いほど NIR に効く。
返り値: pairs(λ nm, QE)。Green 2008 の範囲(250〜1450 nm)の外は ValueError。
Every optics op validates its input before computing (nothing slips through silently):
• Units are baked into the argument name — _mm / _um / _deg / _mrad. Confusing mm with µm does not crash; it yields a plausible-looking wrong answer, so the name prevents it. Nothing here guesses the unit from the magnitude.
• Strings raise ValueError — float('50') succeeds, so an unparsed configuration value would slip through as a length (measured: thin_lens('50', '200') returned a plausible 66.667 mm). bool is refused too, as the implicit promotion True == 1.
• complex / masked arrays raise ValueError (real-valued slots only; silently dropping the imaginary part or peeling off the mask is refused). NaN/Inf raises ValueError on every input.
• Division by zero and its relatives are refused by name: focal length 0, radius of curvature 0, refractive index <= 0, a fully opaque aperture (all zeros, so the normalisation is 0/0), a PSF whose sum is <= 0, a Stokes vector with S0 = 0, and an object sitting at the front focal point (the image is at infinity).
• Only two ops return a non-finite value, and both state it as a contract: depth_of_field returns far_mm = inf beyond the hyperfocal distance (that is what the hyperfocal distance means), and gaussian_beam returns wavefront_radius_mm = inf at the waist (the radius of curvature of a plane wavefront). Both also return a finite companion (far_is_infinite / curvature_per_mm). Any other silent NaN/Inf is detected internally and raises ValueError — "float64 overflowed" and "the answer is infinite" are different claims, so the first is never returned wearing the face of the second.
• Size caps: generated grids are capped by optics.MAX_GRID (4096); supplied fields/PSFs/apertures by optics.MAX_FIELD_ELEMENTS (2^24); ABCD element chains by optics.MAX_SYSTEM_ELEMENTS (1024); Zernike by MAX_ZERNIKE_TERMS (512) / MAX_ZERNIKE_ORDER (40) / MAX_ZERNIKE_BASIS (2^25). This closes, fail-closed, the paths where a small argument triggers a huge internal allocation (measured: n_max=40 × 4096² needs 108 GB).
• Physically impossible states are refused too: a Stokes vector with degree of polarisation > 1, negative transmittance, negative intensity, and invalid Zernike indices such as n-|m| odd.
• Sample-data catalog (download URLs / licences) — 2-D uses skimage.data (BSD/public domain) plus synthetic images; 3-D lists download URLs for real data sources (Stanford, PDS, …).
• Operator provenance and references — the sources of the research/methods this op family came from.
• The canonical algorithm (author, year) and its uses are named in the family usage guide above.
• poc_fiber_light_guide — py -3.11 examples/poc_fiber_light_guide.py
• poc_nir_silicon_transmission — py -3.11 examples/poc_nir_silicon_transmission.py
pairs as input)mtf50 · energy_to_photons · spectral_product · spectral_integral · spectral_stats · kubelka_munk_reflectance · hyperspectral_capture · film_thickness_fft
spectral)blackbody_spectrum · cie_illuminant_a · led_spectrum · bandpass_spectrum · energy_to_photons · spectral_product · spectral_integral · spectral_stats
*Provenance: spectralrad.py — OPTICS operator registry. This per-op note is generated by tools/opdocs.py md (do not hand-edit).*
© 2026 Kazufumi Furuse — Fullseye operator documentation. Licensed under Apache-2.0.