[1] Bria, F., Timmers, P., Gernone, F., & Bertelsmann Stiftung. (2025). EuroStack – a European alternative for digital sovereignty. Bertelsmann Stiftung. https://doi.org/10.11586/2025006 
[2] Expert interview with Martin Hullin (Director) from Bertelsmann Stiftung, September 5, 2025. 
[3] Sehdev, A., Vanderspar, B., Schiavotto, D., & Schaubroeck, R. (2025, May 21). Technology, media, and telecom in Europe: The new growth engine or another decade of missing out? McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/technology-media-and-telecom-in-europe-the-new-growth-engine-or-another-decade-of-missing-out 
[4] How competitive is Europe on technology? (2023, July 21). McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/lifting-europes-ambition/videos-and-podcasts/how-competitive-is-europe-on-technology 
[5] Erntell, H., Dörner, K., León, M. B., Flötotto, M., & Henz, T. (2024, December 17). European deep tech: What investors and corporations need to know. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/european-deep-tech-what-investors-and-corporations-need-to-know 
[6] Sinclair, I., Gagnon, J., Padgett, N., McKinsey, Boardwave, Robinson, P., Sehdev, A., Schaubroeck, R., Apotheker, L., Fernandez, C., Kurgan, S., Murria, V., Padrines, Y., & Courtois, J.-P. (2025). Europe’s moonshot moment: Fueling its tech ecosystem for scale. https://www.boardwave.org/boardwave-x-mckinsey-report 
[7] Karami, A., & Karami, M. (2025). Edge computing in big data: challenges and benefits. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-025-00855-3 
[8] Müller, C. (2024). World robotics 2024 – Industrial robots. IFR Statistical Department, VDMA Services GmbH. https://ifr.org/img/worldrobotics/Executive_Summary_WR_2024_Industrial_Robots.pdf 
[9] European Commission. (2022, October 12). The Digital Markets Act: ensuring fair and open digital markets. European Commission. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/digital-markets-act-ensuring-fair-and-open-digital-markets_en 
[10] NIST. (2024, August 13). NIST Releases First 3 Finalized Post-Quantum Encryption Standards | NIST. NIST. https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-releases-first-3-finalized-post-quantum-encryption-standards 
[11] Uusitalo, M. A., Rugeland, P., Boldi, M. R., Strinati, E. C., Demestichas, P., Ericson, M., Fettweis, G. P., Filippou, M. C., Gati, A., Hamon, M.-H., Hoffmann, M., Latva-Aho, M., Pärssinen, A., Richerzhagen, B., Schotten, H., Svensson, T., Wikström, G., Wymeersch, H., Ziegler, V., & Zou, Y. (2021). 6G Vision, Value, Use Cases and Technologies From European 6G Flagship Project Hexa-X. IEEE Access, 9, 160004–160020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3130030 
[12] Cherkaoui, S. (2021). Research Landscape – 6G Networks Research in Europe. IEEE Network, 35(6), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2021.9687530 
[13] Pekkarinen, P. (2025, March 12). Humanoid robot industry – the players and value chain demystified in detail. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/humanoid-robot-industry-players-value-chain-detail-petri-pekkarinen-etiff/ 
[14] Hexa-X-II. (2025, July 1). Results - Hexa-X-II. Hexa-X-II - European Level 6G Flagship Project. https://hexa-x-ii.eu/results/ 
[15] European Commission. (2025, July 8). European Quantum Communication Infrastructure – EuroQCI. Digital Strategy — Shaping Europe’s Digital Future. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-quantum-communication-infrastructure-euroqci 
[16] European Commission. (n.d.). The next generation Internet of Things. European Commission digital strategy. Retrieved September 27, 2025, from https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/next-generation-internet-things 
[17] Gill, S. S., Golec, M., Hu, J., Xu, M., Du, J., Wu, H., Walia, G. K., Murugesan, S. S., Ali, B., Kumar, M., Ye, K., Verma, P., Kumar, S., Cuadrado, F., & Uhlig, S. (2024). Edge AI: A Taxonomy, Systematic Review and Future Directions. Cluster Computing, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04686-y 
[18] Eurostat. (2025, August 28). Internet-connected devices are widely used in the EU. Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20250828-2 
[19] Huang, T., Huang, W., Zhang, B., Chen, W., & Pan, X. (2025). Optimizing energy consumption in centralized and distributed cloud architectures with a comparative study to increase stability and efficiency. Energy and Buildings, 333, 115454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115454 
[20] 8ra. (n.d.). Multi-Provider Cloud-Edge Continuum. https://www.8ra.com/8ra-community/cloud-edge-continuum/ 
[21] Precedence Research. (2025, August 21). Edge computing market size to hit USD 5,132.29 Bn by 2034. https://www.precedenceresearch.com/edge-computing-market 
[22] European Commission. (n.d.). Europe’s digital decade: Digital targets for 2030. Retrieved September 27, 2025, from https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/europes-digital-decade-digital-targets-2030_en 
[23] European Commission. (2025, July). Common trust principles for the European data economy. European Commission. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/thematic-roadmap-open-source-and-inputs-common-trust-principles 
[24] Expert Interview with Leonhard Benkert (CEO) and Alexander Berkov (CTO) from DeutschlandGPT, 2025, September 1 
[25] Rosmaninho, R., Raposo, D., Rito, P., & Sargento, S. (2024, July 24). Edge-cloud continuum orchestration of critical services: A smart-city approach. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17314 
[26] Yee, L., Chui, M., Roberts, R., & Smit, S. (2025, July 22). McKinsey technology trends outlook 2025: The top trends in tech. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-top-trends-in-tech 
[27] Computar. (2025). 2025 trends in robotics. https://www.computar.com/blog/2025-trends-in-robotics 
[28] Cao, L. (2024). Humanoid robots and humanoid AI: Review, perspectives and directions (Version 2). arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.15775v2 
[29] Rai, R. (2025). Neural processor market size, share & growth forecast by 2033 [Report]. Straits Research. https://straitsresearch.com/report/neural-processor-market 
[30] Allianz Research. (2025, June 11). No country for old robots: How can Europe leap over the robotics tech frontier? Allianz. from https://www.allianz.com/content/dam/onemarketing/azcom/Allianz_com/economic-research/publications/specials/en/2025/june/2025-06-11-Robotics-AZ.pdf 
[31] Kavitha, D., & Meher Ujwala, N. R. (2024, May). AI in robotics advancement and applications. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 5(5), 1740–1745. https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V5ISSUE5/IJRPR27298.pdf 
[32] Jayanth, R., Gupta, N., & Prasanna, V. (2024). Benchmarking Edge AI platforms for high-performance ML inference (arXiv:2409.14803v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.14803 
[33] Sun, L., Rana, K., May, B., Schmeckpeper, K., Suenderhauf, N., Minniti, M. V., & Herlant, L. (2025). Real-is-sim: Bridging the sim-to-real gap with a dynamic digital twin [Preprint]. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03597 
[34] Expert Interview with Robert Krug (Research Engineer) from RobCo, 2025, September 1 
[35] Pikul, J. (2025, June 7). Robots run out of energy long before they run out of work to do — feeding them could change that. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/robots-run-out-of-energy-long-before-they-run-out-of-work-to-do-feeding-them-could-change-that-255940 
[36] Milvus. (2025). What are the computational constraints of edge AI? https://milvus.io/ai-quick-reference/what-are-the-computational-constraints-of-edge-ai 
[37] European Commission. (2020, November 3). Open source software strategy. https://commission.europa.eu/about/departments-and-executive-agencies/digital-services/open-source-software-strategy_en 
[38] Hoffmann, M., Nagle, F., & Zhou, Y. (2024). The value of open source software (Working Paper No. 24-038). Harvard Business School. https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/24-038_51f8444f-502c-4139-8bf2-56eb4b65c58a.pdf 
[39] Grand View Research. (n.d.). Open Source Services Market Size & Share Report, 2030. Retrieved from https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-source-services-market-report 
[40] Mordor Intelligence. (n.d.). API management market size & share analysis: Growth trends & forecasts (2025-2030). Retrieved from https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/api-management-market 
[41] Spencer-Smith, C., & Tomaz, T. (2025). Labour pains: Content moderation challenges in Mastodon growth. Internet Policy Review. https://doi.org/10.14763/2025.1.1831 
[42] European Payments Council. (2023). The UPI: Revolutionising real-time digital payments in India. Retrieved from https://www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu/news-insights/insight/upi-revolutionising-real-time-digital-payments-india 
[43] Perlow, J. (2022, March 7). A summary of Census II: Open source software application libraries the world depends on. Linux Foundation. https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/blog/a-summary-of-census-ii-open-source-software-application-libraries-the-world-depends-on 
[44] European Data Protection Supervisor. (2022, April 28). EDPS launches pilot phase of two social media platforms. https://www.edps.europa.eu/press-publications/press-news/press-releases/2022/edps-launches-pilot-phase-two-social-media 
[45] Mastodon gGmbH. (2025). About — Mastodon. Retrieved September 27, 2025, from https://joinmastodon.org/about 
[46] Dixon, S. (2020, November 24). Instagram: Active users 2018. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/253577/number-of-monthly-active-instagram-users 
[47] Çaldağ, M., T., & Gökalp, E. (2023). Understanding barriers affecting the adoption and usage of open access data in the context of organizations. Data and Information Management, 100049–100049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dim.2023.100049 
[48] Zia, H. B., Raman, A., Castro, I., & Tyson, G. (2025). Collaborative content moderation in the Fediverse (arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.05871). https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.05871 arxiv.org 
[49] Microsoft Threat Intelligence. (2023, October). Microsoft digital defense report 2023: Building and improving cyber resilience. Microsoft. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/security-insider/threat-landscape/microsoft-digital-defense-report-2023 
[50] Ivezic, M. (2025, June 24). EU Commission Roadmap Targets 2030 for Post-Quantum Cryptography Transition. PostQuantum - Quantum Computing, Quantum Security, PQC. https://postquantum.com/industry-news/eu-pqc-roadmap 
[51] BIS Research. (2025, September 27). Europe Post-Quantum Cryptography Market: Focus on Application, Product, and Regional and Country-Level Analysis - Analysis and Forecast, 2024-2034. Bisresearch.com; BIS Research. https://bisresearch.com/industry-report/europe-post-quantum-cryptography-market.html 
[52] Check Point Research. (2025, July 17). Global cyber attacks surge 21% in Q2 2025 — Europe experiences the highest increase of all regions. Check Point Blog. https://blog.checkpoint.com/research/global-cyber-attacks-surge-21-in-q2-2025-europe-experiences-the-highest-increase-of-all-regions/ 
[53] Vaishnavi. (2025, July 29). What is the impact of quantum computing on encryption and how is post-quantum cryptography evolving to protect data? WebAsha Technologies. https://www.webasha.com/blog/what-is-the-impact-of-quantum-computing-on-encryption-and-how-is-post-quantum-cryptography-evolving-to-protect-data 
[54] Irmler, K. (2025, April 4). NIS1 vs NIS2: Unterschied und Hintergrund der Richtlinien. SECJUR. https://www.secjur.com/blog/nis1-vs-nis2 
[55] Nobel Prize Outreach. (n.d.). Anton Zeilinger – facts. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/zeilinger/facts/ 
[56] Expert interview with Bernd Pichlmayer (CEO) from FTGG Cyber, September 4, 2025. 
[57] Eurelectric. (2024, November 18). A snapshot of cybersecurity in the EU [PDF]. https://www.eurelectric.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/A-Eurelectric-snapshot-of-Cybersecurity-2024-11-18-FINAL.pdf 
[58] Bradford, S. (2025, September 4). Why are so many organizations dragging their feet on NIS2 compliance? TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/pro/why-are-so-many-organizations-dragging-their-feet-on-nis2-compliance 
[59] Ivezic, M. (2019, October 14). Challenges of Upgrading to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). PostQuantum - Quantum Computing, Quantum Security, PQC. https://postquantum.com/post-quantum/pqc-challenges/ 
[60] European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). (2024, March 27). Foresight cybersecurity threats for 2030: Update 2024. https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/foresight-cybersecurity-threats-for-2030-update-2024 
[61] Trichias, K., Kaloxylos, A., & Willcock, C. (2024). 6G Global Landscape: A Comparative Analysis of 6G Targets and Technological Trends. EuCNC & 6G Summit, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit60053.2024.10597064 
[62] Mohr, W., Kaloxylos, A., Trichias, K., & Willcock, C. (2024). The European Vision for 6G smart networks and services. IEEE Communications Magazine, 62(4), 10–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2024.10494954 
[63] Pennanen, H., Hänninen, T., Tervo, O., Tölli, A., & Latva-aho, M. (2024). 6G: The Intelligent Network of Everything -- A Comprehensive Vision, Survey, and Tutorial. ArXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2407.09398 
[64] Norp, T., Sachdeva, P., Anton, C., Trichias, K., & Mohnani, P. (2024). 6G research & innovation activities in Europe: An overview of EU & nationally funded programmes (eucnc24_paper_sns-ice_eu_national_initiatives_vfinal-2). Retrieved from https://ezywureyi7i.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/eucnc24_paper_sns-ice_eu-national-initiatives-vfinal-2.pdf 
[65] Lennighan, M. (2023, October 19). EU hands over €130 million for 6G research. Telecoms.com. Retrieved from https://www.telecoms.com/wireless-networking/eu-hands-over-130-million-for-6g-research 
[66] Tomás, J. P. (2021, September 23). China accounts for over 40% of 6G patents: report. RCR Wireless. Retrieved from https://www.rcrwireless.com/20210923/5g/china-accounts-over-40-6g-patents-report 
[67] Hexa-X-II. (2025, August 4). Hexa-X-II - European level 6G Flagship project. Hexa-X-II - European Level 6G Flagship Project. https://hexa-x-ii.eu/ 
[68] Madiega, T. & EPRS, European Parliamentary Research Service. (2020). Towards a more resilient EU. In EPRS Ideas Paper [Report]. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/651992/EPRS_BRI(2020)651992_EN.pdf 
[69] Pohlmann, N., Sparenberg, M., Siromaschenko, I., & Kilden, K. (2014). Secure communication and digital sovereignty in Europe. In Springer eBooks (pp. 155–169). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06708-3_12 
[70] Eichler, T., & Ziegler, R. (2022, November). Fundamentals of THz technology for 6G (White paper v01.02). Rohde & Schwarz / dataTec AG. Retrieved from https://www.datatec.eu/media/dd/28/9d/1718193632/Rohde-Schwarz_Fundamentals-of-THz-technology-for-6G_v0102_2022-11.pdf 
