State
What this machine is doing right now. Going down asks why — an unlabelled stop is the row the pareto cannot explain.
Queue
What this machine is meant to run, in order.
Book output
Issue material
Quality
The characteristics that have a specification for what this machine is running. Record what the gauge actually read — an out-of-spec reading is meant to be recorded, not rounded, and the MES raises the non-conformance itself.