Waste Materials Properties

[1]:
import PFAS_SAT_ProcessModels as pspd
import pandas as pd
pd.set_option('display.max_colwidth', 0)

IncomingFlow=pspd.IncomFlow()
categories = ['Parameter Name', 'Parameter Description', 'amount', 'unit', 'uncertainty_type',
              'loc', 'scale', 'minimum', 'maximum', 'Reference']

All the Waste Materials

[2]:
i = 1
sortkeys=sorted(IncomingFlow.WasteMaterialsNameHelper)
for key in sortkeys:
    print('{}. {}: {}'.format(i, IncomingFlow.WasteMaterialsNameHelper[key], key))
    i+=1
1. AFFF: AFFF
2. C_DWaste: C_D Waste
3. CombustionResiduals: Combustion Residuals
4. Compost: Compost
5. CompostResiduals: Compost Residuals
6. ContactWater: Contact Water
7. ContaminatedSoil: Contaminated Soil
8. ContaminatedWater: Contaminated Water
9. DewateredWWTSolids: Dewatered WWT Solids
10. DriedWWTSolids: Dried WWT Solids
11. FoodWaste: Food Waste
12. LFLeachate: LF Leachate
13. MSW: MSW
14. ROConcentrate: RO Concentrate
15. RawWWTSolids: Raw WWT Solids
16. SpentGAC: Spent GAC
17. SpentIER: Spent IER
18. WWTEffluent: WWT Effluent
19. WWTScreenRejects: WWT Screen Rejects

Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Concentrate (AFFF)

Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) concentrates are used for fire suppression, and the process alternatives considered for its management are shown in following figure. Currently included alternatives for AFFF include SCWO and deep well injection. Thermal treatment and solidification followed by landfill disposal are also potential treatment options that are not included in the current version of the SAT.

Drawing

Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Concentrate Properties

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. There are different formulations of AFFF that may have different material properties. Users should be aware of these potential discrepancies.

  2. The SAT does not currently allow for AFFF to be thermally treated or solidified and subsequently disposed in a landfill. Since these are conventional management systems for AFFF concentrates, they would be beneficial to add to the SAT.

[3]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='AFFF')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='AFFF_PFAS')][categories]
[3]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
231 density Density 1.012 kg/L 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
232 PFOA PFOA concentration 6.580 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 6.0 7.16
233 PFOS PFOS concentration 45.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 36.2 53.80
234 PFBA PFBA concentration 24.400 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 23.6 25.20
235 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 33.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 29.4 36.60
236 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 50.700 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 44.1 57.30
237 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 12.300 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 10.3 14.30
238 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
239 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
240 PFBS PFBS concentration 2.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 1.8 2.20
241 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 14.500 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 12.7 16.30

Construction and Demolition Waste (C_DWaste)

Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste is generated during the construction and demolition of buildings and other infrastructure. It includes a wide variety of waste components including for example, dirt, broken brick and concrete, wallboard, ceiling tile, lumber and other flooring materials, electrical wiring and conduit, plumbing pipes and fixtures, furniture, and carpet. The following figure shows the potential alternatives used to treat C&D waste. C&D waste can be disposed in a dedicated C&D landfill, in MSW landfills, or sometimes by thermal treatment for wastes with a sufficiently high proportion of combustible material The disposal of C&D waste in C&D landfills is potentially problematic as such landfills are often unlined based on prevailing state regulations. One source of PFAS in C&D waste is PFAS-treated carpet that has been shown to release PFAS in laboratory-scale landfill simulations.

Drawing

Construction and Demolition Waste Properties

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. C&D waste is a heterogeneous material, and it is therefore important to update the material properties when a different composition is being managed.

  2. There are also limited PFAS concentration data on different materials in C&D. The PFAS concentrations were measured using extractions and leaching tests and may be biased low due to the presence of PFAS that was not released to the aqueous phase in the test. If additional data on PFAS concentrations in C&D materials becomes available, then the default can be readily updated.

[4]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='C_DWaste')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='C_DWaste_PFAS')][categories]
[4]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
242 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 574.000 kg/m3 4 NaN NaN 319.0000 995.000
243 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.973 fraction wet weight 4 NaN NaN 0.9210 0.958
244 VS_cont VS content - dry 0.827 kg VS/kg TS 4 NaN NaN 0.7692 0.880
245 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.240 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
246 PFOA PFOA concentration 0.600 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
247 PFOS PFOS concentration 1.970 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
248 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
249 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
250 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
251 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
252 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
253 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
254 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
255 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN

Combustion Residuals (Thermal Treatment Residuals)

Combustion residuals are produced during thermal processing and may include bottom ash, fly ash, and air pollution control (APC) residues. APC residues may include excess lime, reaction products in wet scrubber sludge, activated carbon, and gypsum. In the US, fly ash and bottom ash are typically combined and disposed in a dedicated ash landfill or in an MSW landfill. If a dry APC system is used, then the lime and salts or other residues may be added to this ash as well.

Drawing

Combustion Residuals Properties

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. The default modeling properties associated with combustion residuals are not currently responsive to the initial feedstocks and the type and operation of the facility (e.g., boiler type, APC system). There is currently little data on the actual disposition of PFAS entering combustion facilities including potential transformations and mineralization.

[5]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='CombustionResiduals')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='CombustionResiduals_PFAS')][categories]
[5]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
82 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 1000.0000 kg/m3 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
83 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.8500 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
84 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.5000 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
85 PFOA PFOA concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
86 PFOS PFOS concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
87 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
88 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
89 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
90 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
91 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
92 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
93 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003
94 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.0001 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.003

Compost

Finished compost (i.e., the product) is produced in the composting process. The treatment/management alternatives for finished compost are shown in the following figure. High quality compost may be land applied, but compost may also be used in landfills as alternative daily cover. Landfilling of compost typically occurs because of high contamination rates, a lack of local markets as well as demand from landfills that sometimes need substitutes for soil as a daily cover.

Drawing

Compost Properties

There is currently limited data on PFAS in compost and given the large range of potential feedstocks and processes, the values for any specific compost are likely to vary significantly from the default data. The presence of PFAS in finished compost may be attributable to the presence of PFAS on various types of food packaging though further study is required to definitively prove this. Biosolids, if a feedstock for the composting process, are another potentially major contributor to PFAS to finished compost. #### Assumptions and Limitations: The default modeling properties associated with finished compost are not currently responsive to the initial feedstocks and the type and operation of the composting facility (e.g., windrows, mixed systems, Gore systems). With existing data, it is possible to create a mechanistic model for bulk density, solids content, and organic C content, but due to the limited amount of PFAS-related data on compost, it is not currently possible to develop a model that could reasonably estimate PFAS concentrations and partition coefficients mechanistically from incoming feedstocks.

[6]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='Compost')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='Compost_PFAS')][categories]
[6]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
14 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 500.000 kg/m3 5 500.000 NaN 400.00 700.00 [48]
15 ts_cont TS content 0.600 kg TS/kg 5 0.600 NaN 0.45 0.65
16 VS_cont VS content - dry 0.600 kg VS/kg TS 5 0.600 NaN 0.40 0.70
17 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.280 kg C/kg TS 5 0.280 NaN 0.15 0.50
18 PFOA PFOA concentration 5.240 10e-6g/kg 5 5.240 NaN 0.00 26.00
19 PFOS PFOS concentration 7.375 10e-6g/kg 5 7.375 NaN 0.00 88.50
20 PFBA PFBA concentration 3.267 10e-6g/kg 5 3.267 NaN 0.00 12.04
21 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 3.424 10e-6g/kg 5 3.424 NaN 0.41 8.59
22 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 16.407 10e-6g/kg 5 16.407 NaN 0.00 61.00
23 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.826 10e-6g/kg 5 0.826 NaN 0.00 6.50
24 PFNA PFNA concentration 1.045 10e-6g/kg 5 1.045 NaN 0.00 8.10
25 PFDA PFDA concentration 2.710 10e-6g/kg 5 2.710 NaN 0.00 20.50
26 PFBS PFBS concentration 7.360 10e-6g/kg 5 7.360 NaN 0.00 41.90
27 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.190 10e-6g/kg 5 0.190 NaN 0.00 1.90

Compost Residuals

Drawing

Compost Residuals Properties

[7]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='CompostResiduals')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='CompostResiduals_PFAS')][categories]
[7]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
28 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 500.000000 kg/m3 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
29 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.600000 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
30 VS_cont VS content - dry 0.600000 kg VS/kg TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
31 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.500000 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
32 PFOA PFOA concentration 5.400000 10e-6g/kg 3 5.400000 3.0 2.5 10.3
33 PFOS PFOS concentration 1.090000 10e-6g/kg 3 1.090000 0.4 0.4 1.6
34 PFBA PFBA concentration 6.942857 10e-6g/kg 3 6.942857 3.8 2.8 12.0
35 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 5.967143 10e-6g/kg 3 5.967143 2.3 2.7 8.6
36 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 28.752860 10e-6g/kg 3 28.752860 13.1 10.5 49.8
37 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.365714 10e-6g/kg 3 0.365714 1.0 0.0 2.6
38 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.327143 10e-6g/kg 3 0.327143 0.4 0.0 1.1
39 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.730000 10e-6g/kg 3 0.730000 1.1 0.1 3.2
40 PFBS PFBS concentration 1.631429 10e-6g/kg 3 1.631429 2.7 0.0 7.6
41 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.201429 10e-6g/kg 3 0.201429 0.1 0.1 0.3

Contact Water

Drawing

Contact Water Properties

[8]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='ContactWater')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='ContactWater_PFAS')][categories]
[8]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
56 density Density 1.0000 kg/L 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
57 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.0000 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
58 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.6000 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
59 PFOA PFOA concentration 0.2000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
60 PFOS PFOS concentration 0.0600 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
61 PFBA PFBA concentration 1.0000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
62 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.9400 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
63 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 4.7600 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
64 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.2900 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
65 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.0300 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
66 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.0000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
67 PFBS PFBS concentration 2.1300 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
68 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.0115 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN

Contaminated Soil

Soils may become contaminated with PFAS through a variety of processes including AFFF application, or land application of PFAS-contaminated compost or biosolids. The following figure shows the treatment alternatives considered for the management of PFAS-contaminated soils. The soils may be stabilized in place, sent to thermal treatment, or disposed in a landfill. Given the wide range of types of potential contaminated soil, default values were not developed. To assess contaminated soil, the user needs to provide the necessary material properties. The contaminated material is meant to represent a general contaminated soil that the user can specify.

Drawing

Contaminated Soil Properties

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. The PFAS concentration and properties of contaminated soil will vary based on the location, soil, type, local hydrology, and how the soil became contaminated. Thus, some user knowledge is important to properly represent this waste stream.

[9]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='ContaminatedSoil')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='ContaminatedSoil_PFAS')][categories]
[9]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
69 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 1175.00 kg/m3 4 NaN NaN 900.000 1400.0
70 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.85 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
71 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.01 fraction TS 4 NaN NaN 0.005 0.1
72 PFOA PFOA concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
73 PFOS PFOS concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
74 PFBA PFBA concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
75 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
76 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
77 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
78 PFNA PFNA concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
79 PFDA PFDA concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
80 PFBS PFBS concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0
81 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 1000.00 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 3000.0

Contaminated Water

Water may become contaminated with PFAS through a variety of processes including direct releases, AFFF application, or land application of PFAS-contaminated compost or biosolids. The following figure shows that the water may be directly injected into deep wells or treated in conventional or advanced wastewater treatment processes. Given the wide range of types of potential contaminated water, default values were not developed. To assess contaminated water, the user needs to provide the necessary material properties. However, landfill leachate and primary and secondary WWT effluent are described in their respective sections. The contaminated water material is meant to represent a general contaminated water stream.

Drawing

Contaminated Water Properties

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. The PFAS concentration and properties of contaminated vary based on the source. Thus, some user knowledge is important to properly represent this waste stream.

[10]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='ContaminatedWater')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='ContaminatedWater_PFAS')][categories]
[10]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
108 density Density 1.000 kg/L 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
109 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.005 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
110 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.500 kg C/kg TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
111 PFOA PFOA concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 10.0 1000.0
112 PFOS PFOS concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
113 PFBA PFBA concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
114 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
115 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
116 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
117 PFNA PFNA concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
118 PFDA PFDA concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
119 PFBS PFBS concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
120 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 100.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN

Dewatered WWT Solids

Drawing

Dewatered WWT Solids Properties

[11]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='DewateredWWTSolids')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='DewateredWWTSolids_PFAS')][categories]
[11]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
134 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 800.000000 kg/m3 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
135 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.200000 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
136 VS_cont VS content - dry 0.600000 kg VS/kg TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
137 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.380000 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN 0.30000 0.45000
138 PFOA PFOA concentration 0.934565 10e-6g/kg 5 0.934565 NaN 0.13008 3.98008
139 PFOS PFOS concentration 3.678926 10e-6g/kg 5 3.678926 NaN 0.53208 11.30008
140 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.146226 10e-6g/kg 5 0.146226 NaN 0.00008 0.98008
141 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.365103 10e-6g/kg 5 0.365103 NaN 0.00008 4.98008
142 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.511518 10e-6g/kg 5 0.511518 NaN 0.00008 2.26008
143 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.088188 10e-6g/kg 5 0.088188 NaN 0.00008 0.86808
144 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.373149 10e-6g/kg 5 0.373149 NaN 0.00008 1.34208
145 PFDA PFDA concentration 1.552180 10e-6g/kg 5 1.552180 NaN 0.13928 16.86008
146 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.125018 10e-6g/kg 5 0.125018 NaN 0.00008 1.59408
147 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.107265 10e-6g/kg 5 0.107265 NaN 0.00008 0.55608

Dried WWT Solids

Drawing

Dried WWT Solids Properties

[12]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='DriedWWTSolids')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='DriedWWTSolids_PFAS')][categories]
[12]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
148 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 800.000000 kg/m3 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
149 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.900000 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
150 VS_cont VS content - dry 0.600000 kg VS/kg TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
151 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.380000 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
152 PFOA PFOA concentration 4.205191 10e-6g/kg 5 4.205191 NaN 0.58501 17.91001
153 PFOS PFOS concentration 16.554818 10e-6g/kg 5 16.554818 NaN 2.39401 50.85001
154 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.657668 10e-6g/kg 5 0.657668 NaN 0.00001 4.41001
155 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 1.642614 10e-6g/kg 5 1.642614 NaN 0.00001 22.41001
156 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 2.301483 10e-6g/kg 5 2.301483 NaN 0.00001 10.17001
157 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.396495 10e-6g/kg 5 0.396495 NaN 0.00001 3.90601
158 PFNA PFNA concentration 1.678822 10e-6g/kg 5 1.678822 NaN 0.00001 6.03901
159 PFDA PFDA concentration 6.984460 10e-6g/kg 5 6.984460 NaN 0.62641 75.87001
160 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.562233 10e-6g/kg 5 0.562233 NaN 0.00001 7.17301
161 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.482341 10e-6g/kg 5 0.482341 NaN 0.00001 2.50201

Food Waste

The management alternatives considered for food waste are shown in the following figure. This material can remain in the mixed MSW and be landfilled or incinerated, or it can be separated and composted or treated by anaerobic digestion (AD).

Drawing

Food Waste Properties

PFAS has not been measured directly in the organic fraction of MSW, but it has been found in both food packaging and finished compost, so it would be expected to be in these feedstocks as well (Kotthoff et al., 2015; Choi et al., 2019; Lazcano et al., 2020). Food waste represents a large range of materials (e.g., vegetables, meats, coffee grounds, shells) from a variety of sources (e.g., residential, commercial, and industrial). The properties (e.g., solids content, C content, nutrient content) of these different types of food can vary considerably, and they each have different probabilities of being contaminated with PFAS. The heterogeneity of food waste makes it difficult to develop generalized default inputs.

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. Food waste is heterogeneous, and the current data set does not consider how changes in food waste composition will impact its physical properties and PFAS concentrations. There is also limited PFAS concentration data on food waste.

  2. Default data are based on the Netherlands and may not be representative of U.S. food waste. The concentrations provided by Noorlander et al. (2011) could be applied to U.S. dietary intake to improve the results.

[13]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='FoodWaste')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='FoodWaste_PFAS')][categories]
[13]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
0 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 435.000000 kg/m3 4 NaN NaN 200.0 900.00
1 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.200000 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2 VS_cont VS content - dry 0.910000 kg VS/kg TS 5 0.91 NaN 0.0 0.97
3 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.500000 fraction TS 5 0.50 NaN 0.4 0.60
4 PFOA PFOA concentration 0.005530 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
5 PFOS PFOS concentration 0.009340 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
6 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.071521 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
7 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.011500 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
8 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.001233 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
9 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.001855 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
10 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.002867 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
11 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.003004 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
12 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.000450 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
13 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.002400 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN

Landfill Leachate

PFAS-contaminated landfill leachate is produced through the release and leaching of PFAS from materials disposed in landfills. The following figure shows the alternatives that are considered for the treatment of landfill leachate. The leachate may be treated by on- or off-site WWT, or it may be injected into deep wells.

Drawing

Landfill Leachate Properties

The default values represent wet, temperate, and arid landfills with waste of different ages. If the user is modeling landfill leachate, then it is recommended that they use values that are representative of their specific facility and location where available. The properties of landfill leachate will vary based on things like the type of waste accepted and the waste age.

[14]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='LFLeachate')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='LFLeachate_PFAS')][categories]
[14]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
95 density Density 1.00 kg/L 4 NaN NaN 0.995 1.005
96 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.01 fraction wet weight 4 NaN NaN 0.005 0.050
97 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.50 fraction TS 4 NaN NaN 0.300 0.700
98 PFOA PFOA concentration 5.70 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.300 10.000
99 PFOS PFOS concentration 0.09 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
100 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.75 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
101 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.68 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
102 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 1.65 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
103 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.55 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
104 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.05 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
105 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.03 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
106 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.19 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
107 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.27 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

MSW consists of wastes that are typically managed by municipalities and counties and include waste generated from residential, commercial, industrial (excluding process waste), and institutional sources. The following figure shows the alternatives considered for the management of MSW. The MSW may be landfilled or thermally treated. MSW consists of variety of different materials including food, paper, food packaging, textiles, and plastics with different material properties and the potential to contain different amounts and types of PFAS.

Drawing

MSW Properties

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. MSW is a heterogeneous material and it is therefore important to update the material properties when a different composition of MSW is being managed.

  2. There is limited PFAS concentration data on different materials in MSW. The PFAS concentrations for carpets and rugs, food, textiles and bulky concentrations were measured using extractions and leaching tests and may be biased low due to the presence of PFAS that was not released to the aqueous phase in the test. If additional data on PFAS concentrations in MSW materials becomes available, then the default data can be updated.

[15]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='MSW')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='MSW_PFAS')][categories]
[15]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
42 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 387.000 kg/m3 4 NaN NaN 344.000 464.000
43 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.254 fraction wet weight 4 NaN NaN 0.230 0.310
44 VS_cont VS content - dry 0.530 kg VS/kg TS 4 NaN NaN 0.460 0.600
45 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.331 fraction TS 4 NaN NaN 0.259 0.334
46 PFOA PFOA concentration 1.070 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
47 PFOS PFOS concentration 0.840 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
48 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
49 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
50 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
51 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
52 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
53 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
54 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000
55 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.000 10.000

Raw WWT Solids

Drawing

Raw WWT Solids Properties

[16]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='RawWWTSolids')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='RawWWTSolids_PFAS')][categories]
[16]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
162 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 1000.000000 kg/m3 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
163 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.030000 kg-TS/kg 0 NaN NaN 0.005000 0.050000
164 VS_cont VS content - dry 0.600000 kg VS/kg TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
165 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.500000 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
166 PFOA PFOA concentration 0.140270 10e-6g/kg 5 0.140270 NaN 0.019597 0.597097
167 PFOS PFOS concentration 0.551924 10e-6g/kg 5 0.551924 NaN 0.079897 1.695097
168 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.022019 10e-6g/kg 5 0.022019 NaN 0.000097 0.147097
169 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.054850 10e-6g/kg 5 0.054850 NaN 0.000097 0.747097
170 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.076813 10e-6g/kg 5 0.076813 NaN 0.000097 0.339097
171 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.013313 10e-6g/kg 5 0.013313 NaN 0.000097 0.130297
172 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.056057 10e-6g/kg 5 0.056057 NaN 0.000097 0.201397
173 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.232912 10e-6g/kg 5 0.232912 NaN 0.020977 2.529097
174 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.018838 10e-6g/kg 5 0.018838 NaN 0.000097 0.239197
175 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.016175 10e-6g/kg 5 0.016175 NaN 0.000097 0.083497

RO Concentrate

RO concentrate is produced from RO systems that are used to remove PFAS and other contaminants during the treatment of contaminated water. The following figure shows the potential treatment alternatives for RO concentrate. This material may be directly released to surface water, disposed in a landfill after mixing to absorb free liquid, treated in a WWT plant, injected into a deep well, or treated through supercritical water oxidation (SCWO).

Drawing

RO Concentrate Properties

Assumptions and Limitations

The PFAS concentration in RO concentrate will vary based on PFAS concentrations in the water stream being treated and the recovery, at which the process operates. Thus, some user knowledge is important to properly represent this waste stream.

[17]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='ROConcentrate')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='ROConcentrate_PFAS')][categories]
[17]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
203 density Density 1.000000e+00 kg/L 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
204 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 9.000000e-01 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
205 VS_cont VS content - dry 9.220000e-01 kg VS/kg TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
206 C_cont Organic C content - dry 7.000000e-01 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
207 PFOA PFOA concentration 7.246225e+07 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
208 PFOS PFOS concentration 1.125292e+08 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
209 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
210 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
211 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
212 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
213 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
214 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
215 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
216 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN

Spent GAC

PFAS-laden spent granular activated carbon (GAC) is generated when GAC adsorption processes are used to treat water contaminated with PFAS. The following figure shows the management alternatives considered for spent GAC. The GAC can be landfilled, combusted, or thermally reactivated to generate GAC that can be reused for contaminant removal.

Drawing

Spent GAC Properties

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. The PFAS concentration in GAC will vary based on PFAS concentrations in the water stream being treated. Thus, some user knowledge is important to properly represent this waste stream.

  2. The default concentrations are based on isotherm data at specified equilibrium concentration of 100 ng/L. These concentrations will vary under different conditions and using site-specific data will be beneficial.

[18]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='SpentGAC')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='SpentGAC_PFAS')][categories]
[18]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
189 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 500.000 kg/m3 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
190 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.900 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
191 Ash_cont VS content - dry 0.078 kg VS/kg TS 4 NaN NaN 0.04 0.14
192 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.700 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
193 PFOA PFOA concentration 900.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
194 PFOS PFOS concentration 1500.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
195 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
196 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
197 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
198 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
199 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
200 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
201 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
202 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN

Spent Ion Exchange Resin (Spent IER)

Drawing

Spent Ion Exchange Resin Properties

[19]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='SpentIER')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='SpentIER_PFAS')][categories]
[19]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
217 density Density 1.000000e+00 kg/L 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
218 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 9.000000e-01 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
219 VS_cont VS content - dry 9.220000e-01 kg VS/kg TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
220 C_cont Organic C content - dry 7.000000e-01 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
221 PFOA PFOA concentration 7.246225e+07 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
222 PFOS PFOS concentration 1.125292e+08 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
223 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
224 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
225 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
226 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
227 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
228 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
229 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
230 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.000000e+00 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN

WWT Effluent

The following figure shows the treatment alternatives that were considered for primary and secondary wastewater effluent. The effluent can either be released to surface water or sent to advanced physico-chemical treatment (advance WWT) for PFAS removal.

Drawing

WWT Effluent Properties

Existing data on PFAS in wastewater shows that the PFAS concentration will vary between treatment plants based on the source water properties, possible upstream contaminants, and potential treatment options. Therefore, if WWT effluent is the starting material in an analysis it is best for the user to understand the properties of their specific stream to improve their results.

Assumptions and Limitations

  1. While there is data on PFAS in WWT influent and effluent, more research is needed on the fate of PFAS entering WWTPs including their potential transformations.

[20]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='WWTEffluent')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='WWTEffluent_PFAS')][categories]
[20]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
176 density Density 1.00000 kg/L 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
177 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.00003 kg-TS/kg 0 NaN NaN 0.0 0.000045
178 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.50000 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
179 PFOA PFOA concentration 0.10000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
180 PFOS PFOS concentration 0.01000 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
181 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.00000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
182 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.00000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
183 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.00000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
184 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.00000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
185 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.00700 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
186 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.00300 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
187 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.00000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000
188 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.00700 10e-6g/kg 4 NaN NaN 0.0 0.500000

WWT Screen Rejects

WWT Screen Rejects Properties

[21]:
IncomingFlow.InputData.Data[(IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='WWTScreenRejects')|\
                            (IncomingFlow.InputData.Data['Dictonary_Name']=='WWTScreenRejects_PFAS')][categories]
[21]:
Parameter Name Parameter Description amount unit uncertainty_type loc scale minimum maximum Reference
121 bulk_dens Bulk density - wet 800.000000 kg/m3 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
122 ts_cont Total solids content - wet 0.600000 fraction wet weight 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
123 C_cont Organic C content - dry 0.500000 fraction TS 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
124 PFOA PFOA concentration 0.000000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
125 PFOS PFOS concentration 0.297333 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
126 PFBA PFBA concentration 0.164333 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
127 PFPeA PFPeA concentration 0.414000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
128 PFHxA PFHxA concentration 0.481333 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
129 PFHpA PFHpA concentration 0.065333 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
130 PFNA PFNA concentration 0.054333 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
131 PFDA PFDA concentration 0.176667 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
132 PFBS PFBS concentration 0.060667 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
133 PFHxS PFHxS concentration 0.000000 10e-6g/kg 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN