spad_deadtime_apply — PHOTON `spad` op

• 데이터 종류: countrate → countrate

• 호출: import photoncount; photoncount.spad_deadtime_apply(rate_hz, dead_time_ns=50.0, paralyzable=False)(또는 opsphoton.get("spad_deadtime_apply"))

검출기의 불감시간으로 참 광자율을 왜곡시킵니다(계수 손실).

> 아래 상세 설명은 원문입니다 —— 요약과 제목은 번역되어 있습니다.

After every detection a SPAD is blind for a recharge (dead) time `tau`, so

the *measured* rate `m is always below the *true* incident rate n`.

Two classical laws, and this op implements both:

• non-paralysable (default) — an arriving photon during the dead time is

simply lost: `m = n / (1 + n*tau). Monotonic, saturating at 1/tau`.

• paralysable (`paralyzable=True`) — an arriving photon *restarts* the

dead time: `m = n * exp(-n*tau). This law **peaks** at n = 1/tau`

(where `m = 1/(e*tau)`) and then falls, so a bright scene can read

*darker* than a dim one. That is why no inverse op exists for it (see

:func:spad_deadtime_correct).

*rate_hz* is a 1-D array of true rates in counts per second; *dead_time_ns*

is the dead time in nanoseconds, defaulting to 50 — the middle of the

10-100 ns range a passively quenched SPAD occupies, and a placeholder to be

replaced by the datasheet value, never a measurement of your detector.

Returns the measured rates as a float64 1-D array of the same length.

Ground truth (pinned in the tests): at `n = 1/tau` the non-paralysable law

gives exactly `n/2`; the paralysable law's maximum is exactly

`1/(e*tau) at n = 1/tau; both reduce to m = n as n*tau -> 0`.

Raises `ValueError`: negative, non-finite or non-1-D *rate_hz*, a

non-positive *dead_time_ns*, and a non-bool *paralyzable*.

• 샘플 데이터 카탈로그(DL URL / 라이선스) —— 2-D 는 skimage.data(BSD/public)+ 합성, 3-D 는 실데이터 소스(Stanford/PDS 등)의 DL URL.

• 연산자의 내력·참고문헌 —— 이 연산자 족의 바탕이 된 연구/기법의 출처.

• 알고리즘의 정전(저자·연도)과 용도는 위의 패밀리 사용 가이드에 적혀 있습니다.

• photon_timeresolved — py -3.11 examples/photon_timeresolved.py

*Provenance: photoncount.py — PHOTON 연산자 레지스트리. 이 op 노트는 tools/opdocs.py md 가 자동 생성합니다(직접 편집하지 마세요).*

spad_deadtime_apply — PHOTON spad op